問題一覧
1
______ includes protection from excess water and from water shortage, as well as providing sufficient water for a sustainable environment
water resources engineering
2
Major reservoirs of water:
97.5% salt water , — 99.04% —> oceans , — 0.01% —> lakes , — 0.95% —> groundwater , 2.5% fresh water , — 69.6% —> glaciers / permanent snow pack / permafrost , — 30.1% —> ground water , — 0.29% —> lakes and marshes , — 0.05% —> soil moisture , — 0.04 —> atmosphere , — 0.006% —> rivers , — 0.003% —> biosphere
3
______ can inform environmental engineering, policy, and planning
hydrological research
4
______ aims to provide balance between the built and natural environment through sustainable infrastructure systems
energy and environmental engineering
5
It deals with the study of efficient water and energy use, water and wastewater quality control and management, solid and hazardous waste management, air quality management, sustainable resource management, green materials in engineered systems, geo-environmental engineering, disaster risk reduction and management, and design of sustainable buildings
energy and environmental engineering
6
The goal of environmental engineering is to ensure that the ______ and use of ______, ______ and ______ resources are sustainable
societal development , water , land , air
7
The challenge of energy transition requires ______ that traditional engineering degrees do not offer
transdisciplinary skills
8
Environmental engineers study ___________, and develop technical solutions needed to solve, attenuate or control these problems in a manner that is compatible with legislative, economic, social and political concerns
water, soil, and air pollution problems
9
The construction industry is major source of pollution, responsible for around ______ particulate emissions, more water pollution incidents than any other industry, and thousands of noise complaints every year
4%
10
All construction sites generates high level of dust (typically from ______, ______, ______, ______), and this can carry for large distances over a long period of time
concrete , cement , wood , stone silica
11
It is responsible for emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide
diesel
12
Sources of water pollution on construction sites include ______, ______, ______, ______, and other harmful chemicals, and construction debris and dirt
diesel and oil , paint , solvents , cleaners
13
These are complex mix of chemicals emitted by human and natural sources and formed in the atmosphere
air pollutants
14
It is the contamination of water by an excess amount of a substance that can cause harm to human beings and the ecosystem
water pollution
15
This law was enacted to facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System of 1978
16
The law aims to regulate, restrict, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use, and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures the present unreasonable risk to human health
Toxic Substances, Hazardous, and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
17
The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants throughout the Philippines while minimizing the possible associated impacts on the economy
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
18
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
19
The law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure the protection of public health and the environment
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
20
CODE This law was enacted to facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection
PD 1586
21
CODE The law aims to regulate, restrict, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use, and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures the present unreasonable risk to human health
RA 6969
22
CODE The law aims to achieve and maintain clean air that meets the National Air Quality guideline values for criteria pollutants throughout the Philippines while minimizing the possible associated impacts on the economy
RA 8749
23
CODE The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based sources
RA 9275
24
CODE The law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure the protection of public health and the environment
RA 9003
25
A ______ designs structural design, elements, and system in buildings, bridges, stadiums, tunnels and other civil engineering works
structural engineer
26
The process of determining of location, material, and size of structural elements to resist forces acting in structure
design
27
Forces acting on a structure:
gravity , wind , earthquakes , rain / snow , fluid pressure
28
In "explore alternative solutions" the following must be done:
— research past experience , — brainstorm , — preliminary design of most promising solutions
29
Types of gravity force acting on a structure:
dead loads (objects) , live loads (people)
30
Global Stability:
sliding , overturning
31
Typical structural systems:
truss , frame
32
This is the strain behavior of materials
stress
33
This refers to how a material deforms or changes shape when subjected to stress
strain
34
Materials used in civil engineering:
— stone and masonry , — metals , — concrete , — wood , — fiber-reinforced plastics
35
Concrete Components:
— sand (fine aggressive) , — gravel (course aggregate) , — cement (binder) , — water , — air
36
The ability to withstand given stress without failure
strength
37
Types of stiffness:
axial , bending
38
Stiffness depends on type of ______, ______, and ______
material , structural shape , structural configuration
39
Property related to deformation
stiffness (rigidity)
40
______ deform less under the same applied load
stiffer structural elements
41
Forces are a type of quantity called ______
vectors
42
It is defined by a magnitude and direction
vector
43
It is defined by only magnitude
scalar
44
Net force at a point in a structure is equal to 0 Summation of all forces must equal to 0 to keep the building stable
statement of equilibrium ( equilibrium )
45
Net force at a point is determined using a ______ to account for magnitude and direction
force polygon
46
It is the resistance from axial load
axial stiffness
47
What does a structural engineer do:
design buildings and infrastructures , retrofit of old and historic buildings , shoring and excavations , repair and inspection of damaged buildings
48
Engineering design process (5):
— identify the problem , — explore alternative solution , — analyze and design one or more viable solutions , — testing and evaluation of solution , — build solution using available resources (materials, equipment, labor)
49
Engineering design process (4):
— select material for construction , — determine the appropriate structural system for a particular case , — determine the forces acting on a structure , — calculate the size of members and connections to avoid failure (collapse) or excessive deformation
50
In "testing and evaluation of solution" the following must be done:
— field test , — peer evaluation
51
Geometric elements of a road:
— alignment — camber (cross slope) — carriageway width — gradient — horizontal curve — kerb — width of roadway — right of way — shoulder — slight distance — superelevation — vertical curve
52
Challenges traffic engineers face:
— change of notion from increasing capacity to meet demand to managing tye movement of vehicle and people , — ever increasing congestion , — safety and security of transportation facilities , — technologically sound solutions may not be socially acceptable
53
The application of technology and scientific principles to planning, functional design, operation, and management of facilities for the mode of transportation in order to provide the safe, rapid, comfortable convenient, economical, and environmentally compatible movement of the people and goods
transportation engineering
54
The specialized field of civil engineering that deals with the planning, geometric design and traffic operation of roads, streets and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands, and relationships with other mode of transportation
transportation engineering
55
Types of surface transportation and aviation:
land — roadways — railways , water — waterways , air — airways
56
Modes of transportation:
road , rail , air , maritime
57
Objectives of a traffic engineer:
speed , comfort , convenience , economy , environmental compatibility
58
MMDA meaning
metropolitan manila development authority
59
This vehicle account for a big chunk of road crashes, they topped the 2015 road safety report of WHO, composing of ______ road traffic death
motorcycles , 23%
60
While ______ is much to be desired, it is limited by transpo characteristics, and the need to provide safety
SPEED
61
______ and ______ are generic terms and main different things to different people
COMFORT , comfort and convenience
62
______ involves the physical characteristics of vehicles and roadways, and influenced by our perception of safety
comfort
63
______ relates more to the ease with which trips are made and the ability of transport systems accommodate all of our travel needs at appropriate times
CONVENIENCE
64
______ is also relative. There is little modern transportation systems that can be termed "cheap" Highway and other transportation system involve massive construction, maintenance, and operating expenditures, most of which are provided through general and user taxes and fees Nevertheless, every engineer, regardless of discipline, is called upon to provide the best possible systems for the money
ECONOMY
65
Harmony with the environment is a complex issue that has become more important over time All transportation systems have some negative impacts on the environment. All produce air and noise pollution in some forms, and all utilize valuable land resources
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY
66
Waterways:
types of harbor: — natural "" — seminatural "" — artificial "" , types of port: — major — intermediate — minor , types of docks: — wet "" — dry ""
67
Roadways:
ROAD CLASSIFICATIONS: NH — national highway SH — state highway MDH — major district road ODR — other district road VR — village road , BASED ON CARRIAGE WAY — paved roads — unpaved roads , BASED ON PAVEMENT — surface roads — unsurfaced roads , AS PER USABILITY — all weather roads — fair weather roads , URBAN ROADS — arterial roads — sub arterial roads — collector streets — local streets
68
It is the primary objective in civil engineering
safety
69
The principal goal of the traffic engineer remains the ______
provision of a safe system for highway traffic
70
Accordinng to PSA, an average of ______ Filipinos die everyday due to ______
34 , vehicular collisions
71
Possible Solutions to Traffic Problems
facility design , traffic control , reducing demand , shifting demand , repacking demand
72
DOTr
department of transportation
73
Elements of traffic engineering:
— facility design — ITS — performance evaluation — traffic control — traffic operations — traffic studies and characteristics — transportation system and management ITS — integration of intelligent transportation system technologies
74
Modes of transportation: > urban people transportation system
— automobile taxi / for hire vehicles , — public utility jeepney , — tricycle , — local bus transit , — light rail , — ferry
75
Modes of transportation: > intercity people transportation system
— automobile , — intercity bus (point-to-point bus) , — railroad , — air , — water
76
Modes of transportation: ~ urban and intercity freight transportation ~
— long — haul trucks , — local truck , — railroad , — airfreight , — water , — pipelines
77
According to the MMDA, among the most accident-prone roads in Metro Manila are ______, ______ and ______
— alabang zapote road , — commonwealth avenue , — edsa
78
According to ______, assistant secretary of the department of transportation (DOTr), there is a daily average of ______ road crashes in metro manila alone Vehicles involved are:
Mark de Leon , 262 , — motorcycle = 53% — pedestrian = 19% — drivers of vehicles of 4 wheels or more = 14% — 4-wheeled vehicle passengers = 11% — cyclists = 2% — others = 1%
79
Traffic engineering profession:
relationship with the general public: — more than other engineers — deals with a wide variety of public officials , professional ethics — has a great sense of responsibility based on the scale of the outcomes
80
According to the latest data of PSA, ______ people died due to road crashes in ______, a ______% increase from ______ death recorded in ______
10 012 , 2015 , 45.76% , 6869 , 2006