問題一覧
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a branch of science which deals with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
chemistry
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branches of chemistry:
organic , inorganic , physical , analytical , biochemistry
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it is anything anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
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properties of matter:
intrinsic , extrinsic , physical , chemical , endothermic changes , exothermic changes
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properties of the substance that are independent of the shape and size of the substance examples: temperature and pressure
intrinsic property
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properties of the substance that are related to its size and shape examples: volume, mass, and weight
extrinsic property
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properties which matter can show without being destroyed
physical property
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properties which matter can show by losing its identity
chemical property
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physical or chemical changes which causes energy release from the substance to the surroundings
exothermic changes
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physical or chemical changes in which energy is absorbed by the substance
endothermic changes
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classification of matter:
pure substance , mixture
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a matter that has definite composition and a definite boiling point
pure substance
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types of pure substance:
element , compound
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a substance that is composed of only one kind of atom
element
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a substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically combined in definite and constant proportion
compound
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a matter that has neither definite boiling point nor definite composition
mixture
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types of mixture:
homogenous , heterogenous
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mixtures whose parts or composition are not distinguishable even to some extent through a microscope
homogenous mixture
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mixtures whose parts or composition are readily visible or easily identifiable
heterogenous mixture
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4 major categories of elements:
metals , non-metals , metalloids , noble gases
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“mass can neither be created nor be destroyed”
conservation of mass
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"energy can not be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another"
conservation of energy
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"a pure compound is always made up of same constituent elements combined in a definite proportion by weight"
law of definite proportion
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"when two elements react to form more than one compound, the different weights of one that combine with a fixed weight of the other are in the ratio of small whole numbers"
law of multiple proportion
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the smallest particles of elements
atom
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the smallest particles of compounds
molecule
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it is a positively charged electrode
anode
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it is a negatively charged electrode
cathode
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3 subatomic particles:
proton , neutron , electron
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mass of electron:
0.00055 amu
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mass of proton:
1.0073 amu
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mass of neutron:
1.0087 amu
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charge of electron:
-1.60 217 663 x10^-19 c
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charge of proton:
1.60 217 663 x10^-19 c
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it is the central part of an atom which protons and neutrons are located
nucleus
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it is number of protons in the nucleus
atomic number
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it is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom
atomic weight
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it represents the mass of a chemical compound
molecular weight
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a mole consists of _____ particles such as atoms, molecular or ions
6.02 x10^23
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a homogenous mixture made up of a solute dissolved in solvent, the composition of which is variable
solution
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refers to the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution
concentration of a solution
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formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
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bonding which always gain or loss enough electrons to attain a noble gas electron configuration
monatomic bond
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formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms
covalent bond
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this bond have two pairs of electrons between two atoms
double bond
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this bond have three pairs of electrons between two atoms
triple bond
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in this bond, the electron cloud is shifted more toward one of the atom
polar covalent bond
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it this bond, the electron cloud is equally distributed to the atoms
non-polar covalent bond
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formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals in the original atoms
molecular orbital
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way of representing a chemical reaction using chemical formulas to indicate the reactants and products
chemical equation