General Chemistry

50問 • 1年前

John Marabiles

通報

問題一覧

a branch of science which deals with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

chemistry

branches of chemistry:

organic , inorganic , physical , analytical , biochemistry

it is anything anything that occupies space and has mass

matter

properties of matter:

intrinsic , extrinsic , physical , chemical , endothermic changes , exothermic changes

properties of the substance that are independent of the shape and size of the substance examples: temperature and pressure

intrinsic property

properties of the substance that are related to its size and shape examples: volume, mass, and weight

extrinsic property

properties which matter can show without being destroyed

physical property

properties which matter can show by losing its identity

chemical property

physical or chemical changes which causes energy release from the substance to the surroundings

exothermic changes

physical or chemical changes in which energy is absorbed by the substance

endothermic changes

classification of matter:

pure substance , mixture

a matter that has definite composition and a definite boiling point

pure substance

types of pure substance:

element , compound

a substance that is composed of only one kind of atom

element

a substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically combined in definite and constant proportion

compound

a matter that has neither definite boiling point nor definite composition

mixture

types of mixture:

homogenous , heterogenous

mixtures whose parts or composition are not distinguishable even to some extent through a microscope

homogenous mixture

mixtures whose parts or composition are readily visible or easily identifiable

heterogenous mixture

4 major categories of elements:

metals , non-metals , metalloids , noble gases

“mass can neither be created nor be destroyed”

conservation of mass

"energy can not be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another"

conservation of energy

"a pure compound is always made up of same constituent elements combined in a definite proportion by weight"

law of definite proportion

"when two elements react to form more than one compound, the different weights of one that combine with a fixed weight of the other are in the ratio of small whole numbers"

law of multiple proportion

the smallest particles of elements

atom

the smallest particles of compounds

molecule

it is a positively charged electrode

anode

it is a negatively charged electrode

cathode

3 subatomic particles:

proton , neutron , electron

mass of electron:

0.00055 amu

mass of proton:

1.0073 amu

mass of neutron:

1.0087 amu

charge of electron:

-1.60 217 663 x10^-19 c

charge of proton:

1.60 217 663 x10^-19 c

it is the central part of an atom which protons and neutrons are located

nucleus

it is number of protons in the nucleus

atomic number

it is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom

atomic weight

it represents the mass of a chemical compound

molecular weight

a mole consists of _____ particles such as atoms, molecular or ions

6.02 x10^23

a homogenous mixture made up of a solute dissolved in solvent, the composition of which is variable

solution

refers to the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution

concentration of a solution

formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

ionic bond

bonding which always gain or loss enough electrons to attain a noble gas electron configuration

monatomic bond

formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

covalent bond

this bond have two pairs of electrons between two atoms

double bond

this bond have three pairs of electrons between two atoms

triple bond

in this bond, the electron cloud is shifted more toward one of the atom

polar covalent bond

it this bond, the electron cloud is equally distributed to the atoms

non-polar covalent bond

formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals in the original atoms

molecular orbital

way of representing a chemical reaction using chemical formulas to indicate the reactants and products

chemical equation

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問題一覧

a branch of science which deals with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

chemistry

branches of chemistry:

organic , inorganic , physical , analytical , biochemistry

it is anything anything that occupies space and has mass

matter

properties of matter:

intrinsic , extrinsic , physical , chemical , endothermic changes , exothermic changes

properties of the substance that are independent of the shape and size of the substance examples: temperature and pressure

intrinsic property

properties of the substance that are related to its size and shape examples: volume, mass, and weight

extrinsic property

properties which matter can show without being destroyed

physical property

properties which matter can show by losing its identity

chemical property

physical or chemical changes which causes energy release from the substance to the surroundings

exothermic changes

physical or chemical changes in which energy is absorbed by the substance

endothermic changes

classification of matter:

pure substance , mixture

a matter that has definite composition and a definite boiling point

pure substance

types of pure substance:

element , compound

a substance that is composed of only one kind of atom

element

a substance that is composed of two or more elements chemically combined in definite and constant proportion

compound

a matter that has neither definite boiling point nor definite composition

mixture

types of mixture:

homogenous , heterogenous

mixtures whose parts or composition are not distinguishable even to some extent through a microscope

homogenous mixture

mixtures whose parts or composition are readily visible or easily identifiable

heterogenous mixture

4 major categories of elements:

metals , non-metals , metalloids , noble gases

“mass can neither be created nor be destroyed”

conservation of mass

"energy can not be created nor destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another"

conservation of energy

"a pure compound is always made up of same constituent elements combined in a definite proportion by weight"

law of definite proportion

"when two elements react to form more than one compound, the different weights of one that combine with a fixed weight of the other are in the ratio of small whole numbers"

law of multiple proportion

the smallest particles of elements

atom

the smallest particles of compounds

molecule

it is a positively charged electrode

anode

it is a negatively charged electrode

cathode

3 subatomic particles:

proton , neutron , electron

mass of electron:

0.00055 amu

mass of proton:

1.0073 amu

mass of neutron:

1.0087 amu

charge of electron:

-1.60 217 663 x10^-19 c

charge of proton:

1.60 217 663 x10^-19 c

it is the central part of an atom which protons and neutrons are located

nucleus

it is number of protons in the nucleus

atomic number

it is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the atom

atomic weight

it represents the mass of a chemical compound

molecular weight

a mole consists of _____ particles such as atoms, molecular or ions

6.02 x10^23

a homogenous mixture made up of a solute dissolved in solvent, the composition of which is variable

solution

refers to the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution

concentration of a solution

formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

ionic bond

bonding which always gain or loss enough electrons to attain a noble gas electron configuration

monatomic bond

formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms

covalent bond

this bond have two pairs of electrons between two atoms

double bond

this bond have three pairs of electrons between two atoms

triple bond

in this bond, the electron cloud is shifted more toward one of the atom

polar covalent bond

it this bond, the electron cloud is equally distributed to the atoms

non-polar covalent bond

formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals in the original atoms

molecular orbital

way of representing a chemical reaction using chemical formulas to indicate the reactants and products

chemical equation