Quarter 1 Module 2

68問 • 2年前

問題一覧

A cell’s membrane is a ______

phospholipid bilayer

These molecules look like a tadpole. It has a head end facing the inside and outside of the cell, and tail end facing each other.

Cell membrane

These are 3 different structures that are made of proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer.

1. Channels, 2. Markers, 3. Receptors

These are special tube-like structures that allows large molecules to enter the cell.

Channels

These serves as a nametag of the cell. All your cells have a protein nametag that says that they are belong to your body. If the cell doesn’t have your nametag, the white blood cells (your army soldiers) won’t recognize and will destroy it.

Markers

These are the special sensing structures. They are like the cells eye, ears, and mouths. They communicate to the inside what’s going on the outside. They are kind of like blobs with antennas.

Receptors

Cell membrane has two functions :

1. Abarrier keeping the constituents of the cell in and unwanted substances out, 2. A gate allowing transport into the cell of essential nutrients and movement from the cell of waste products

The cell membrane is made up of _____ that are composed of phospholipid bilayer.

two layers

Two layers of cell membrane that are composed of phospholipid bilayer.

1. Phospholipid head, 2. Phospholipid tail

It is formed by the arrangement of phospholipids

Bilayer

Forces underlying the formation of this bilayer are _____

Electrostatic

It is a double layer made up of phospholipid molecules.

Phospholipid bilayer

The phospholipid head is a _____

hydrophilic (water-loving)

The phospholipid tail is a _____

hydrophobic (water-repelling)

These are the proteins of the cell membrane which are completely embedded in the bilayer of phospholipids and have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

Integral proteins

They act as the gate for making the transportation either active or passive easier

Integral proteins

All _____ or the protein involve in transportation of molecules are Integral Membrane Protein but not all Integral Membrane Protein are transmembrane protein.

transmembrane protein

Integral Membrane Proteins are the following :

1. Channel Proteins/ Transport Proteins, 2. Marker Proteins/ Glycoproteins/ Cell Recognition Protein, 3. Receptor Proteins, 4. Peripheral Membrane Protein, 5. Receptor Proteins (Intracellular Proteins)/ Extrinsic Proteins

These are integral proteins that are a transmembrane protein.

Channel Proteins

Some channel proteins are always open. It is called _____

nongated channel protein

Type of channel protein is the one that opens and shut which is called _____

gated channel protein

Integral Membrane Proteins are the following :

These are integral membrane protein but not a transmembrane protein.

Marker proteins

The immune system uses these proteins to identify friendly cells from foreign cell invaders. They serve as a nametag which is unique as fingerprints.

Marker Proteins/ Glycoproteins/ Cell Recognition Protein

There are two types of receptor protein :

1. Membrane receptors, 2. Peripheral membrane protein

These are only located in the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer like floating iceberg. Receptor Proteins are _____.

Peripheral proteins

They are like blobs with antennas made up of carbohydrates.

Peripheral Membrane Protein

They communicate to the inside of the cell about what is happening outside the cell. They serve as the eyes, ears and mouth of the cell.

Peripheral Membrane Protein

Transport may occur by diffusion and osmosis across the membrane. It can also occur when a vesicle attaches to the cell membrane from the inside and then opens to form a pocket, expelling its contents to the outside. This may be called _____

exocytosis

The cell membrane may also envelope something on the outside and surround it, taking it into the cell. This may be called ______ or _______

endocytosis or phagocytosis

There are also processes where molecules move across a membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration, and this requires a source of energy to "pump" the molecules uphill in concentration. Such processes are called _____

active transport

The person behind these studies, who are the individuals behind the study of cell? They are the ______ or _____

Cytotechnologists, or simply cytologist

The branch of biology dealing with the structure, function, multiplication, pathology, and life history of cells

Cytology or the cell biology

The simple cells like the bacteria

Prokaryotic

The complex cells like plants and animals

Eukaryotic cells

A cell consists of three major parts :

1. Cell membrane, 2. Nucleus, 3. Cytoplasm

Within the cytoplasm lie intricate arrangements of fine fibers and hundreds or even thousands of miniscule but distinct structures called ______

subcellular organelles

Every cell in the body is enclosed by a ________

cell (Plasma) membrane

The cell membrane as discussed in the lesson one, separates the material outside the cell, _______ , from the material inside the cell, _______

extracellular, intracellular

It maintains the integrity of a cell and controls passage of materials into and out of the cell.

Cell membrane

It is a double layer of phospholipid molecules.

Cell membrane

It is formed by a nuclear membrane around a fluid nucleoplasm, is the control center of the cell

Nucleus

Meaning of (DNA)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Meaning of (RNA)

Ribonucleic acid

It is a dense region of ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the nucleus and is the site of ribosome formation.

Nucleolus

It determines how the cell will function, as well as the basic structure of that cell.

Nucleus

It is the gel-like fluid inside the cell.

Cytoplasm

It is the medium for chemical reaction. It provides a platform upon which other organelles can operate within the cell. All the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the _____ of a cell.

cytoplasm

These are "little organs" that are suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Subcellular organelles

Subcellular organelles are " _____ " that are suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell.

little organs

The different subcellular organelles are :

1. Centrioles, 2. Endoplasmic reticulum, 3. Golgi apparatus, 4. Lysosome, 5. Microtubules, 6. Mitochondrion (singular of mitochondria), 7. Ribosomes

They contain the microtubules that help separate chromosomes and move them during cell division among animals.

Centrioles

It forms an interconnected network of flattened sacs

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The ER is divided into two regions that vary in structure and function.

1. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is responsible for lipid and hormone production

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

It lacks ribosomes hence its smooth

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is responsible for the production of glycoprotein.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is filled with ribosomes.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

It is known as the packaging plant of a cell.

Golgi Apparatus

In short it sorts, package and distributes macromolecules.

Golgi Apparatus

They are like little stomachs moving around the cytoplasm.

Lysosome

They break up waste materials and cellular debris. They function as a garbage collector of the cell.

Lysosome

They are long, hollow tubes serves as girders and give the cell it shapes. They may also help send signals from membrane to nucleus.

Microtubules

It is also known as the powerhouse of the cell. It plays an important role in respiration where they generate ATP.

Mitochondrion

One of the largest organelles within the cell.

Mitochondrion

They are tiny organelles that contains RNA and specific proteins within the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes

It is an organelle that contains digestive enzymes

Lysosome

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell

Cell

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Cell