The person/subject we collect data on is called an ______

If a CHARACTERISTIC of an OBSERVATION ( subject) is the same for every member of the group or does not vary, it is called a ______

If a CHARACTERISTIC of an OBSERVATION differs for group members, it is called a ______

These are the ones that exist along a continuum that runs from low to high.

Quantitative variables

A scale that “measures” in terms of such values as “more” or “less,” “larger” or “smaller,” but without specifying the size of the intervals (i.e., 78%ior fifth place). Can be used for determining the mode, percentage, chi-square, median, percentile rank, or rank correlation.

A scale that measures in terms of equal intervals or degrees of difference, but whose zero points, or point of beginning is arbitrarily established (i.e., 32 degrees Fahrenheit). Can be used for determining the mode, the mean, the standard deviation, the t-test, the F test, and the product-moment correlation.

A scale that measures in terms of equal intervals and has an absolute zero point of origin (i.e., 72 inches tall). Can be used for determining the geometric mean, the harmonic mean, the percent variation, and all other statistical determinations.

They do not express differences in the amount, only differences

Qualitative variables are sometimes referred to as______ because they classify by categories.

A scale in which the numbers serve as labels rather than have numeric value (i.e., 1=male; 2=female). Can be used for determining the mode, the percentage values, or the chi-square.

(Experimental, Manipulated, Treatment, Grouping) is the factor that is manipulated or selected by the researcher to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon.

It can also be a classification where subjects are assigned to groups. In research where one factor causes the other, the independent variable is the cause. In a study where the groups are being compared, the _____ variable is the group classification.

It acts as the cause in research

(Outcome) is the factor that is observed and measured to determine the effect of the independent variable.

It is the outcome of the study. In an experiment, it may be what was caused or what changed as a result of an intervention.

It acts as the effect in research

True zero, highest level of measurements

Zero doesn't mean there is no heat (No true zero), average ______

Ranked & order

It is the factor that is measured, manipulated, or selected by the researcher to discover whether it modifies the relationship of the independent variable to an observed phenomenon.

It is a special type of independent variable.

The factors which cannot be controlled.

Qualitative variable

Ordinal variable can be used for determining the _______

Interval variable can be used for determining the ______

Ratio variable can be used for determining the ______

Nominal variable can be used for determining the _______