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20問 • 1年前

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What factor primarily determines the effect of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) on the cardiac output?

Mean pleural pressure

Which of the following factors would tend to increase mean airway pressure? 1. Short inspiratory times. 2. Increased mandatory breaths. 3. Increased levels of positive inspiratory pressure (PIP). 4. Increased levels of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP).

2, 3, and 4 only

Which of the following conditions is associated with a lack of response to increased FiO2 in patients receiving positive-pressure ventilation?

Shunt

Which of the following occur in pressure-limited modes of ventilation? 1. The volume delivered at a given pressure must decrease as compliance falls. 2. The inspiratory flow varies with patient effort and lung mechanics. 3. Active effort by the patient against inspiration will decrease delivered volume. 4. The volume delivered at a given pressure must increase as Raw rises.

1, 2, and 3 only

During pressure-targeted modes of ventilatory support, the volume delivered depends on which of the following? 1. Set pressure limit 2. Patient lung mechanics 3. Patient effort

1, 2, and 3

Which of the following modes of ventilatory support is used to help decrease airway and alveolar pressures?

Pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation

What mode of pressure-controlled ventilation is designed to prevent alveoli with short-time constants from collapsing, thereby improving oxygenation?

Pressure-controlled inverse ratio ventilation

In which of the following types of ventilation is alveolar expansion during inspiration due to an increase in alveolar pressure? 1. Negative-pressure ventilation 2. Positive-pressure ventilation 3. Spontaneous ventilation

2 Only

Potential effects of hyperventilation on the central nervous system include which of the following? 1. Increased O2 consumption 2. Increased cerebral vascular resistance (CVR) 3. Decreased intracranial pressure (ICP)

2 and 3 Only

Which of the following is the recommended tidal volume for mechanical ventilation in a patient acutely requiring mechanical ventilation?

4 to 8 ml/kg

Which of the following are techniques for facilitating CO2 removal during lung protective ventilation in patients with ARDS? 1. Fever control 2. ECMO 3. Neuromuscular paralysis 4. Pressure support ventilation

1, 2, and 3 only

Which of the following is the most common cause of acute respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation?

Postoperative respiratory failure

Which of the following trigger levels is appropriate when setting a ventilator for flow triggering?

1 to 2 L/min below baseline flow

A ventilator has separate rate and minute ventilation controls. A physician orders continuous mandatory ventilation with a VT of 550 ml at a respiratory rate of 12/min. What minute ventilation would you set on this ventilator?

6600 ml/min (8.6 L/min)

When using a pressure-volume curve to identify optimal PEEP levels, what does the upper inflection point represent?

Point of lung over distension

Which of the following criteria represents the recommended starting point for considering the use of PEEP?

PaO2 less than 50 to 60 on FiO2 greater than 0.40

A patient receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the assist-control mode develops auto-PEEP. Which of the following general approaches would you consider to minimize the effects of auto-PEEP in this patient? 1. Increasing expiratory time 2. Applying PEEP 3. Switching ventilating mode to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation

2 and 3 only

A physician orders intubation and mechanical ventilation in the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation mode for a 160-lb adult man with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following settings would you recommend?

Rate: 12 breaths/min; VT: 500 ml

Which of the following would decrease PaCO2 when ventilating a patient using intermittent mandatory ventilation with pressure support?

Increase the level of pressure support.

After placing a patient on a volume-cycled ventilator in the continuous mandatory ventilation assist-control mode, you note that 55 cm H2O pressure is required to deliver the preset VT of 950 ml. What high-pressure limit would you now set for this patient?

70 cm H2O

ch. 2

Darya Rose · 83問 · 2年前

ch. 2