問題一覧
1
Which of the following is the most cost-effective and readily available means of maintaining mucokinetics?
Water
2
Which of the following is NOT a role of the mucociliary system?
Removal of inhaled debris from alveoli through ciliary action
3
Ciliary activity is impaired by which of the following?
Endotracheal tubes
4
Which is NOT a normal function of mucus in the healthy lung?
Obstructing the airway
5
Which of the following can cause impaired ciliary activity?
I. Dehydration
II. Thick mucus
III. High concentrations of FiO2
IV.Endotracheal tubes
I, II, III, and IV
6
How much mucus is produced by the goblet cells and bronchial glands daily?
100 ml
7
All of the following would occur when bypassing the upper airway by placing an endotracheal tube EXCEPT _____.
improved ciliary action
8
What produces the most mucus in the airways?
Bronchial glands
9
Which of the following is NOT caused in the airways by repeated, prolonged exposure to irritants?
Decreased mucus production
10
Which is NOT a means of secretion management?
Increasing the number of bronchial glands
11
Which of the following can increase the volume or thickness of mucus?
Chronic bronchitis
12
Which of the following are responsible for the primary mucus production within the lungs?
I. Goblet cells
II. Bronchial glands
III. Type I pneumocytes
IV. Type II pneumocytes
I and II
13
Which types of medications alter the gel layer?
Mucolytics
14
Which of the following can be given to increase the depth of the sol layer?
Water or saline solution and expectorants
15
The cilia are found in which layer of the airways?
Mucosa
16
Which types of medications improve ciliary activity?
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators and corticosteroids
17
Which of the following terms means that the solution’s sodium content is less than that found within the body?
Hypotonic saline
18
All of the following are methods for delivering liquid particles of water to the lung EXCEPT _____.
humidifiers
19
Which of the following devices should NOT be used for treating infants?
Ultrasonic nebulizer
20
Using which of the following can contribute to mucus clearance from the airways by altering the water content of the mucus?
Normal saline
21
Which of the following solutions is best used for sputum induction?
Hypertonic saline
22
A patient with hyperreactive airways is to receive a bland aerosol treatment with an ultrasonic nebulizer. Which of the following solutions would cause the least irritation?
Hypotonic saline
23
Which patients would benefit the most from aerosolized hypertonic saline?
Those with cystic fibrosis
24
If you were to perform sputum induction, which of the following solutions would you select?
0.5% saline
25
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the difference between sterile water and distilled water?
I. Sterile water contains additives with bacteriostatic properties.
II. Sterile water is an isotonic solution.
III. Distilled water is an isotonic solution.
IV. Distilled water is considered to be both sterile and pure.
I and IV
26
Which of the following is an example of an isotonic solution?
0.9%
27
All of the following are false concerning sterile water EXCEPT _____.
it is free of microorganisms and may contain additives to make it bacteriostatic
28
The manufacturer recommends using which of the following for the administration of Pulmozyme®?
Marquest Acorn II
29
The PARI neb is primarily used with which medication?
Dornase alfa
30
Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction associated with the administration of acetylcysteine?
I. Bronchospasm
II. Rhinorrhea
III. Bronchorrhea
IV. Stomatitis
I, II, III, and IV
31
Which medication can be given to counter ingestion of an entire bottle of Tylenol®?
Acetylcysteine
32
You receive a call from the attending physician of a 68-year-old patient with chronic bronchitis. The physician reports that the patient has very thick secretions that she is unable to remove from her airway. He asks for your recommendations. The drug most indicated for this patient is _____.
acetylcysteine
33
You have administered surfactant. The patient is now hyperoxemic and hypocapnic. Which of the following best explains the clinical findings?
Increase in VT due to improved CL
34
Which of the following conditions is Pulmozyme® used for?
Cystic fibrosis
35
All of the following are ways in which an expectorant is thought to work EXCEPT _____.
breaking disulfide bonds in the mucus
36
Into which of the following categories does guaifenesin fall?
Expectorant
37
Which of the following would you NOT do for someone with thick, retained secretions who is currently receiving oxygen therapy?
Administration of an antitussive, such as dextromethorphan
38
For which of the following are antitussive medications indicated?
Dry, hacking, nonproductive cough
39
Which of the following are considered antitussives?
I. Codeine
II. Dextromethorphan
III. Guaifenesin
IV. Potassium iodide
I and II
40
Into which of the following categories does dextromethorphan fall?
Antitussive
41
Which of the following best describes the reason for maintaining proper hydration of the respiratory system?
Defend against disease and dehydration
42
Which of the following produces surfactant?
Type II pneumocytes
43
Surfactant is produced by which of the following types of pneumocytes?
Type III
44
Which of the following laws could be used to describe surface tension?
LaPlace’s
45
After production, where is pulmonary surfactant stored?
Lamellar bodies
46
Which of the following is an indication for the lack of surfactant prior to 34 weeks of gestation?
Immature type II pneumocytes
47
Synthetic surfactants can be described as which of the following?
I. Exogenous
II. Containing proteins SP-B and SP-C
III. Free of infection and foreign proteins
I and III
48
When surfactant replacement therapy is given because the onset of RDS is likely or expected, what type of SRT administration is this considered?
Prophylactic
49
All of the following are naturally modified surfactants EXCEPT _____.
Surfaxin
50
Infasurf® is to be given to a 2 kg patient. How much should be given?
6 ml
51
The initial dose of Curosurf® (poractant alfa) is?
2.5ml/kg birthweight
52
Surfactant replacement therapy requires which of following guidelines for proper administration?
I. Placement of an endotracheal tube into the infant’s airway
II. Suction of the infant prior to surfactant administration
III. Having an infant remain in the supine position during instillation
I and II
53
Surfactant is administered in how many aliquots?
4
54
All EXCEPT which of the following are used to administer surfactant?
MDI spacer
55
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a hazard associated with the administration of surfactant?
Decreased surface tension
56
For which of the following reasons has it been found that SRT is more beneficial in the treatment of RDS than ARDS?
Surfactant deficiency is mostly associated with RDS.
57
The Mucosa, Submucosa, and Adventitia are the three layers that make up the airway.
True
58
The layer in the mucosal blanket that contains the cilia is called the sol layer.
True
59
COPD, Cystic fibrosis, Asthma, and Pneumonia are a disease process that increases either the volume or thickness of mucus.
True
60
Mucolytics are a type of medication can be administered to alter the consistency of the gel layer.
True
61
Ciliary activity can be improved by the administration of sympathomimetics and corticosteroids.
True
62
A solution containing the same relative salt content as the human body is best described as isotonic solution.
True
63
Hypertonic is a type of solution that you would select if you were ordered to perform sputum induction.
True
64
Stomatitis is a potential complication due to the administration of acetylcysteine agent.
True
65
The purpose of surfactant is to reduce surface tension.
True
66
When giving surfactant, how many aliquots is the calculated dose of exogenous surfactant divided into for administration?
4
67
Goblet cells and bronchial glands produce 1,000 ml of mucus a day.
True
68
The airway is made up of two layers.
True
69
Bronchial smooth muscle is located in the adventitia.
True
70
The sol layer contains the cilia.
True
71
The gel and sol layers make up the mucosal blanket.
True
72
The volume or thickness of mucus can be increased with asthma.
True
73
Cystic fibrosis does increase the volume and/or thickness of mucus.
False
74
Mucus is intended to dry the airways.
False
75
Expectorants can increase the depth of the sol layer.
True
76
Acetylcysteine will NOT alter the consistency of the gel layer.
False
77
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators and corticosteroids will improve ciliary activity.
True
78
Sputum induction can be achieved with hypertonic saline administration.
True
79
Distilled water contains no additives.
True
80
0.9% characterizes an isotonic solution.
True
81
9% saline is a hypotonic solution.
False
82
Sterile water is free of microorganisms but contains additives.
True
83
Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic.
True
84
Pulmozyme® is often given to cystic fibrosis patients.
True
85
Acetylcysteine smells like rotten eggs.
True
86
Guaifenesin is an expectorant.
True
87
Dextromethorphan is an expectorant.
False
88
The MetaNebTM is a therapeutic adjunct that can be utilized to administer intrapulmonary percussive ventilation.
True
89
Surfactant is produced by the type II pneumocyte.
True
90
Surfactant is produced by lamellar bodies.
True
91
Surfactant increases surface tension.
True
92
Surfaxin can be administered up to four times.
True
93
The third dose of poractant alfa (Curosurf®) is 1.25ml/kg birth weight.
True
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47問 • 2年前問題一覧
1
Which of the following is the most cost-effective and readily available means of maintaining mucokinetics?
Water
2
Which of the following is NOT a role of the mucociliary system?
Removal of inhaled debris from alveoli through ciliary action
3
Ciliary activity is impaired by which of the following?
Endotracheal tubes
4
Which is NOT a normal function of mucus in the healthy lung?
Obstructing the airway
5
Which of the following can cause impaired ciliary activity?
I. Dehydration
II. Thick mucus
III. High concentrations of FiO2
IV.Endotracheal tubes
I, II, III, and IV
6
How much mucus is produced by the goblet cells and bronchial glands daily?
100 ml
7
All of the following would occur when bypassing the upper airway by placing an endotracheal tube EXCEPT _____.
improved ciliary action
8
What produces the most mucus in the airways?
Bronchial glands
9
Which of the following is NOT caused in the airways by repeated, prolonged exposure to irritants?
Decreased mucus production
10
Which is NOT a means of secretion management?
Increasing the number of bronchial glands
11
Which of the following can increase the volume or thickness of mucus?
Chronic bronchitis
12
Which of the following are responsible for the primary mucus production within the lungs?
I. Goblet cells
II. Bronchial glands
III. Type I pneumocytes
IV. Type II pneumocytes
I and II
13
Which types of medications alter the gel layer?
Mucolytics
14
Which of the following can be given to increase the depth of the sol layer?
Water or saline solution and expectorants
15
The cilia are found in which layer of the airways?
Mucosa
16
Which types of medications improve ciliary activity?
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators and corticosteroids
17
Which of the following terms means that the solution’s sodium content is less than that found within the body?
Hypotonic saline
18
All of the following are methods for delivering liquid particles of water to the lung EXCEPT _____.
humidifiers
19
Which of the following devices should NOT be used for treating infants?
Ultrasonic nebulizer
20
Using which of the following can contribute to mucus clearance from the airways by altering the water content of the mucus?
Normal saline
21
Which of the following solutions is best used for sputum induction?
Hypertonic saline
22
A patient with hyperreactive airways is to receive a bland aerosol treatment with an ultrasonic nebulizer. Which of the following solutions would cause the least irritation?
Hypotonic saline
23
Which patients would benefit the most from aerosolized hypertonic saline?
Those with cystic fibrosis
24
If you were to perform sputum induction, which of the following solutions would you select?
0.5% saline
25
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the difference between sterile water and distilled water?
I. Sterile water contains additives with bacteriostatic properties.
II. Sterile water is an isotonic solution.
III. Distilled water is an isotonic solution.
IV. Distilled water is considered to be both sterile and pure.
I and IV
26
Which of the following is an example of an isotonic solution?
0.9%
27
All of the following are false concerning sterile water EXCEPT _____.
it is free of microorganisms and may contain additives to make it bacteriostatic
28
The manufacturer recommends using which of the following for the administration of Pulmozyme®?
Marquest Acorn II
29
The PARI neb is primarily used with which medication?
Dornase alfa
30
Which of the following is a potential adverse reaction associated with the administration of acetylcysteine?
I. Bronchospasm
II. Rhinorrhea
III. Bronchorrhea
IV. Stomatitis
I, II, III, and IV
31
Which medication can be given to counter ingestion of an entire bottle of Tylenol®?
Acetylcysteine
32
You receive a call from the attending physician of a 68-year-old patient with chronic bronchitis. The physician reports that the patient has very thick secretions that she is unable to remove from her airway. He asks for your recommendations. The drug most indicated for this patient is _____.
acetylcysteine
33
You have administered surfactant. The patient is now hyperoxemic and hypocapnic. Which of the following best explains the clinical findings?
Increase in VT due to improved CL
34
Which of the following conditions is Pulmozyme® used for?
Cystic fibrosis
35
All of the following are ways in which an expectorant is thought to work EXCEPT _____.
breaking disulfide bonds in the mucus
36
Into which of the following categories does guaifenesin fall?
Expectorant
37
Which of the following would you NOT do for someone with thick, retained secretions who is currently receiving oxygen therapy?
Administration of an antitussive, such as dextromethorphan
38
For which of the following are antitussive medications indicated?
Dry, hacking, nonproductive cough
39
Which of the following are considered antitussives?
I. Codeine
II. Dextromethorphan
III. Guaifenesin
IV. Potassium iodide
I and II
40
Into which of the following categories does dextromethorphan fall?
Antitussive
41
Which of the following best describes the reason for maintaining proper hydration of the respiratory system?
Defend against disease and dehydration
42
Which of the following produces surfactant?
Type II pneumocytes
43
Surfactant is produced by which of the following types of pneumocytes?
Type III
44
Which of the following laws could be used to describe surface tension?
LaPlace’s
45
After production, where is pulmonary surfactant stored?
Lamellar bodies
46
Which of the following is an indication for the lack of surfactant prior to 34 weeks of gestation?
Immature type II pneumocytes
47
Synthetic surfactants can be described as which of the following?
I. Exogenous
II. Containing proteins SP-B and SP-C
III. Free of infection and foreign proteins
I and III
48
When surfactant replacement therapy is given because the onset of RDS is likely or expected, what type of SRT administration is this considered?
Prophylactic
49
All of the following are naturally modified surfactants EXCEPT _____.
Surfaxin
50
Infasurf® is to be given to a 2 kg patient. How much should be given?
6 ml
51
The initial dose of Curosurf® (poractant alfa) is?
2.5ml/kg birthweight
52
Surfactant replacement therapy requires which of following guidelines for proper administration?
I. Placement of an endotracheal tube into the infant’s airway
II. Suction of the infant prior to surfactant administration
III. Having an infant remain in the supine position during instillation
I and II
53
Surfactant is administered in how many aliquots?
4
54
All EXCEPT which of the following are used to administer surfactant?
MDI spacer
55
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a hazard associated with the administration of surfactant?
Decreased surface tension
56
For which of the following reasons has it been found that SRT is more beneficial in the treatment of RDS than ARDS?
Surfactant deficiency is mostly associated with RDS.
57
The Mucosa, Submucosa, and Adventitia are the three layers that make up the airway.
True
58
The layer in the mucosal blanket that contains the cilia is called the sol layer.
True
59
COPD, Cystic fibrosis, Asthma, and Pneumonia are a disease process that increases either the volume or thickness of mucus.
True
60
Mucolytics are a type of medication can be administered to alter the consistency of the gel layer.
True
61
Ciliary activity can be improved by the administration of sympathomimetics and corticosteroids.
True
62
A solution containing the same relative salt content as the human body is best described as isotonic solution.
True
63
Hypertonic is a type of solution that you would select if you were ordered to perform sputum induction.
True
64
Stomatitis is a potential complication due to the administration of acetylcysteine agent.
True
65
The purpose of surfactant is to reduce surface tension.
True
66
When giving surfactant, how many aliquots is the calculated dose of exogenous surfactant divided into for administration?
4
67
Goblet cells and bronchial glands produce 1,000 ml of mucus a day.
True
68
The airway is made up of two layers.
True
69
Bronchial smooth muscle is located in the adventitia.
True
70
The sol layer contains the cilia.
True
71
The gel and sol layers make up the mucosal blanket.
True
72
The volume or thickness of mucus can be increased with asthma.
True
73
Cystic fibrosis does increase the volume and/or thickness of mucus.
False
74
Mucus is intended to dry the airways.
False
75
Expectorants can increase the depth of the sol layer.
True
76
Acetylcysteine will NOT alter the consistency of the gel layer.
False
77
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators and corticosteroids will improve ciliary activity.
True
78
Sputum induction can be achieved with hypertonic saline administration.
True
79
Distilled water contains no additives.
True
80
0.9% characterizes an isotonic solution.
True
81
9% saline is a hypotonic solution.
False
82
Sterile water is free of microorganisms but contains additives.
True
83
Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic.
True
84
Pulmozyme® is often given to cystic fibrosis patients.
True
85
Acetylcysteine smells like rotten eggs.
True
86
Guaifenesin is an expectorant.
True
87
Dextromethorphan is an expectorant.
False
88
The MetaNebTM is a therapeutic adjunct that can be utilized to administer intrapulmonary percussive ventilation.
True
89
Surfactant is produced by the type II pneumocyte.
True
90
Surfactant is produced by lamellar bodies.
True
91
Surfactant increases surface tension.
True
92
Surfaxin can be administered up to four times.
True
93
The third dose of poractant alfa (Curosurf®) is 1.25ml/kg birth weight.
True