問題一覧
1
A mechanically ventilated patient is being assessed for her level of sedation. The patient is semiasleep and responds to verbal commands. What score on the Ramsay Sedation Scale should be assigned to this patient?
3
2
Which of the following is the sedation scale that uses a graduated single category?
Ramsay Sedation Scale
3
What range of scores on the Ramsay Sedation Scale indicates adequate sedation?
2 to 4
4
The group of drugs that interact with GABA receptor complex on neurons in the brain is which of the following?
Benzodiazepines
5
A patient with hypovolemic shock secondary to widespread second- and third-degree burns is being mechanically ventilated. The patient appears agitated, and the respiratory therapist is unable to synchronize the ventilator to the patient. Which drug can the respiratory therapist suggest to the ICU team to sedate this patient and synchronize ventilation?
Fentanyl
6
What drug reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
7
The drug of choice for sedating mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU for longer than 24 hours is which of the following?
Lorazepam (Ativan)
8
A patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU is found to be wildly agitated. The most appropriate drug to control this delirium is which of the following?
Haloperidol
9
A patient with head trauma and an elevated ICP is being ventilated postoperatively and shows signs of asynchrony with the mechanical ventilator. The most appropriate medication to sedate this patient is which of the following?
Propofol and morphine
10
Caution should be used when administering propofol for longer than 48 hours in pediatric patients because of what adverse effect?
Lactic acidosis
11
Which of the following drugs has the potential for causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma and hypersensitive airways?
Morphine
12
Neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients when which of the following occurs?
Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony cannot be corrected.
13
The neuromuscular blocking agent that resembles acetylcholine in chemical structure is which of the following?
Succinylcholine
14
Permissive hypercapnia is needed to protect patients with ARDS from atelectrauma. Which of the following medications is appropriate to facilitate this?
Cisatracurium
15
The train-of-four response is used to assess a patient’s level of paralysis during high- frequency oscillatory ventilation, and the patient’s foot twitches four times. The most appropriate evaluation of this circumstance is which of the following?
The paralyzing agent needs to be readministered
16
The paralytic agent associated with precipitation of malignant hyperthermia is which of the following?
Succinylcholine
17
Sedatives are used to
reduce anxiety and agitation and promote sleep and anterograde amnesia; analgesics are used to lessen pain
18
Paralytics are used to
facilitate invasive procedures (surgery, endotracheal intubation), prevent movement, and ensure the stability of artificial airways.
19
Paralysis may also be used to
facilitate less conventional mechanical ventilation strategies
20
The most common sedative drugs used in the ICU include 1. benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam) 2. neuroleptics (haloperidol) 3. anesthetic agents (propofol) 4. opioids (morphine, fentanyl).
1, 2, 3, 4
21
Paralysis can be achieved with neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) that are classified as
depolarizing and nondepolarizing
22
Which of the following is an effect that sedatives have on the body?
results in anterograde amnesia
23
What level of sedation is necessary during weaning from mechanical ventilation?
minimal
24
What drug reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
25
Which drug may cause bronchospasm in patients with asthma?
Morphine
26
The paralytic agent associated with the precipitation of malignant hyperthermia is?
succinylcholine
27
Which of the following describes moderate sedation?
purposeful responses following repeated stimuli
28
Which of the following is the sedation scale that uses a graduated single category?
Ramsey Sedation Scale
29
What range of scores on the Ramsey Sedation Scale indicates adequate sedation?
2-4
30
Which is the drug of choice for sedating ventilated patients for longer than 24 hrs?
Lorazepam (Ativan)
31
A vented patient is wildly agitated. The most appropriate drug to control this delirium is?
haloperidol
32
ICU Pharmacology includes: 1. Sedatives 2. Analgesics 3. Paralytics 4. Neuroleptics
1, 2, 3, 4
33
the onset of action for medications means
how long it takes for a medicine to start to work
34
TRUE OR FALSE: morphine is considered an analgesic; however it will probably have some sedative effect.
True
35
NMBAs are beneficial during mechanical ventilation for all except which of the following reasons?
Increased spontaneous breathing
36
Sedatives include: 1. Benzodiazepines 2. Barbiturates 3. Propofol
1, 2, 3
37
A sedative called Alprazolam is also called
Xanx
38
A sedative called Chlordiaszepox is also called
Librium
39
A sedative called Clorazepam is also called
Klonopin