ch. 15

39問 • 1年前

問題一覧

A mechanically ventilated patient is being assessed for her level of sedation. The patient is semiasleep and responds to verbal commands. What score on the Ramsay Sedation Scale should be assigned to this patient?

Which of the following is the sedation scale that uses a graduated single category?

Ramsay Sedation Scale

What range of scores on the Ramsay Sedation Scale indicates adequate sedation?

2 to 4

The group of drugs that interact with GABA receptor complex on neurons in the brain is which of the following?

Benzodiazepines

A patient with hypovolemic shock secondary to widespread second- and third-degree burns is being mechanically ventilated. The patient appears agitated, and the respiratory therapist is unable to synchronize the ventilator to the patient. Which drug can the respiratory therapist suggest to the ICU team to sedate this patient and synchronize ventilation?

Fentanyl

What drug reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines?

Flumazenil

The drug of choice for sedating mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU for longer than 24 hours is which of the following?

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU is found to be wildly agitated. The most appropriate drug to control this delirium is which of the following?

Haloperidol

A patient with head trauma and an elevated ICP is being ventilated postoperatively and shows signs of asynchrony with the mechanical ventilator. The most appropriate medication to sedate this patient is which of the following?

Propofol and morphine

Caution should be used when administering propofol for longer than 48 hours in pediatric patients because of what adverse effect?

Lactic acidosis

Which of the following drugs has the potential for causing bronchospasm in patients with asthma and hypersensitive airways?

Morphine

Neuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used in mechanically ventilated patients when which of the following occurs?

Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony cannot be corrected.

The neuromuscular blocking agent that resembles acetylcholine in chemical structure is which of the following?

Succinylcholine

Permissive hypercapnia is needed to protect patients with ARDS from atelectrauma. Which of the following medications is appropriate to facilitate this?

Cisatracurium

The train-of-four response is used to assess a patient’s level of paralysis during high- frequency oscillatory ventilation, and the patient’s foot twitches four times. The most appropriate evaluation of this circumstance is which of the following?

The paralyzing agent needs to be readministered

The paralytic agent associated with precipitation of malignant hyperthermia is which of the following?

Succinylcholine

Sedatives are used to

reduce anxiety and agitation and promote sleep and anterograde amnesia; analgesics are used to lessen pain

Paralytics are used to

facilitate invasive procedures (surgery, endotracheal intubation), prevent movement, and ensure the stability of artificial airways.

Paralysis may also be used to

facilitate less conventional mechanical ventilation strategies

The most common sedative drugs used in the ICU include 1. benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam) 2. neuroleptics (haloperidol) 3. anesthetic agents (propofol) 4. opioids (morphine, fentanyl).

1, 2, 3, 4

Paralysis can be achieved with neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) that are classified as

depolarizing and nondepolarizing

Which of the following is an effect that sedatives have on the body?

results in anterograde amnesia

What level of sedation is necessary during weaning from mechanical ventilation?

minimal

What drug reverses the sedative effects of benzodiazepines?

Flumazenil

Which drug may cause bronchospasm in patients with asthma?

Morphine

The paralytic agent associated with the precipitation of malignant hyperthermia is?

succinylcholine

Which of the following describes moderate sedation?

purposeful responses following repeated stimuli

Which of the following is the sedation scale that uses a graduated single category?

Ramsey Sedation Scale

What range of scores on the Ramsey Sedation Scale indicates adequate sedation?

2-4

Which is the drug of choice for sedating ventilated patients for longer than 24 hrs?

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A vented patient is wildly agitated. The most appropriate drug to control this delirium is?

haloperidol

ICU Pharmacology includes: 1. Sedatives 2. Analgesics 3. Paralytics 4. Neuroleptics

1, 2, 3, 4

the onset of action for medications means

how long it takes for a medicine to start to work

TRUE OR FALSE: morphine is considered an analgesic; however it will probably have some sedative effect.

True

NMBAs are beneficial during mechanical ventilation for all except which of the following reasons?

Increased spontaneous breathing

Sedatives include: 1. Benzodiazepines 2. Barbiturates 3. Propofol

1, 2, 3

A sedative called Alprazolam is also called

Xanx

A sedative called Chlordiaszepox is also called

Librium

A sedative called Clorazepam is also called

Klonopin

ch. 2

Darya Rose · 83問 · 2年前

ch. 2