Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

A patient’s HR would be affected by the administration of which of the following medications?

Contractility of the heart is affected by which of the following?

Electrical conduction is affected by the administration of which of the following medications?

What type of medication increases heart rate?

Which is NOT associated with the administration of a vasodilator?

The right heart chambers are separated by which of the following valves?

The chambers of the left heart are separated by which valve?

Which chamber pumps blood into pulmonary circulation?

Which chamber pumps blood into systemic circulation?

Which of the following is the normal pacemaker of the heart?

All of the following are atrial arrhythmias EXCEPT?

Sympathetic stimulation would result in _____.

Parasympathetic stimulation would result in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

The normal pacemaker of the heart is _____.

Which receptors are primarily found in the heart?

Which of the following is NOT influential in the conduction system of the heart?

Which term describes the inability of a cell to receive further stimulation?

The P-wave represents which of the following?

The QRS complex is indicative of which of the following?

The T-wave represents which of the following?

Cardiac cells can become excited in which of the following situations? I. Oxygen deficit II. Electrolyte imbalance III. Ischemia

All of the following are considered causes of arrhythmias EXCEPT _____.

Which of the following is a supraventricular rhythm?

Which of the following is considered to be a ventricular rhythm?

Which of the following is a positive inotropic medication?

Which of the following medications has positive inotropic effects?

PSVT can be treated with which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT expected in heart failure?

Which of the following lung sounds would be expected upon auscultation of the patient with CHF?

Milrinone is classified as _____.

Which of the following medications is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor?

Afterload is best described as _____.

What is the benefit of digoxin’s negative dromotropic effects?

What is the physiologic response to the administration of ACE inhibitors?

Beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors for the treatment of heart failure include which of the following? I. Decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure II. Control of the ventricular rate III. Decrease in systemic vascular resistance

Angiotensin II causes which of the following?

What type of medication could be given in conjunction with an ACE Inhibitor to be certain angiotensin II does NOT cause further problems?

A patient presents with a COPD exacerbation and has also been taking Coreg. Which of the following inhaled bronchodilators would MOST likely be beneficial in the treatment of this patient?

All of the following decrease afterload of the heart EXCEPT _____.

What is the purpose of diuretic therapy?

Which of the following would happen after administration of a diuretic?

Hypokalemic patients would be administered which of the following diuretics?

Individuals who present with low potassium levels but are in need of diuresis may be prescribed which of the following diuretics?

Milrinone is given by which of the following routes of administration?

When dopamine is administered at high doses, it has positive inotropic effects by stimulating which of the following receptors?

Which of the following medications is known to be photosensitive?

Which of the following is provided in a sublingual form for the relief of angina?

Which of the following endogenous chemicals is nesiritide identical to?

Which of the following would NOT be used to treat shock?

Which of the following classifications of medications could be used as an antianginal? I. Beta-agonists II. Calcium-channel blockers III. Nitroglycerin

Nitrates are advantageous for all EXCEPT which of the following reasons?

Which of the following is carvedilol considered?

A calcium-channel blocker would NOT cause which of the following?

An increase in which of the following leads to venodilation following the administration of nitroglycerin?

Ranolazine has been known to prolong which of the following ECG intervals?

Which of the following medications would you administer to a patient with a non-ST-segment ACS?

Which of the following long-term therapy medications post-heart attack may be prescribed to an individual for the prevention of stroke?

Which type of diabetes is present when the body fails to be able to utilize insulin?

Which of the following drug classes cause a decrease in glucagon secretion?

Which medication will block cholesterol biosynthesis?

Side effects of the lipid-lowering agent gemfibrozil include _____.

Chronotropic agents affect the heart rate.

Antistatic agents affect conductivity.

Agents that affect the overall force of contraction are inotropic.

When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the heart rate increases.

When the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the heart rate decreases?

The normal pacemaker of the heart is called the SA node.

Atrial depolarization is represented by no wave on the ECG tracing. (there are no wave representative).

Ventricular repolarization is represented by the T wave on the ECG tracing.

Ventricular depolarization is represented by the QRS wave on the ECG tracing.

Drug-induced arrhythmia, or proarrhythmia, is when an arrhythmia develops due to the administration of a drug or medication.

Chronotropic drugs affect the force of contraction.

Dromotropic medications affect the force of contraction.

Inotropic drugs control heart rate.

The left side of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the systemic circuit.

The left side of the heart is responsible for pumping blood into the pulmonary circuit.

The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle.

The bicuspid valve separates the left atrium from the right atrium.

The pulmonic semilunar valve allows the passage of blood directly into systemic circulation.

The aortic semilunar valve allows the passage of blood directly into pulmonary circulation.

The SA node is the heart’s backup pacemaker.

Sympathetic stimulation results in decreased force of cardiac contraction.

Sympathetic stimulation causes an increase in HR.

When cardiac cells can no longer receive stimulus, it is referred to as the refractory period.

The P wave represents atrial depolarization.

The QRS complex represents ventricular repolarization.

The T wave represents ventricular depolarization.

A normal sinus rhythm is an arrhythmia.

The primary pacemaker of the heart is the AV node.

One backup pacemaker of the heart is the atrioventricular node.

Arrhythmias caused by administration of certain medications are called proarrhythmias.

Antiarrhythmic medications do NOT have pharmacologic and electrophysiological actions.

Supraventricular tachycardia is a rhythm for which adenosine may be administered.

ARBs are used for the treatment of hypertension.

Vasodilators reduce afterload.

The FDA approved the use of Inhaled nitric oxide therapy for the treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).

Nitroglycerin is only available as a sublingual spray.

Chest pain is angina.

Ronexa® is an antianginal therapy that can be considered after other antianginal therapies have been exhausted.