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ch. 7
96問 • 2年前
  • Darya Rose
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    Which of the following is NOT a natural defense against inhaled foreign material?

    Antigens

  • 2

    Which of the following produce immunoglobulins?

    B lymphocytes

  • 3

    Which of the following antigens would increase levels of eosinophils on a CBC? I. Dust mites II. Sulfites III. Mold IV. Pet dander

    I, II, III, and IV

  • 4

    The immune system is made up of which functional units? I. Humoral immunity II. Cell-mediated immunity III. Circulating immunity IV. Extrinsic immunity

    I, II and III

  • 5

    Which of the following produce immunoglobulins?

    B lymphocytes

  • 6

    Which of the following is NOT a natural defense against inhaled foreign material?

    Antigens

  • 7

    Which of the following does NOT contribute to the early inflammatory response?

    Arachidonic acid metabolism

  • 8

    What indicates that an asthma attack is allergy related?

    The presence of eosinophils

  • 9

    Activation of the B lymphocytes involves which type of response?

    Humoral response

  • 10

    Activation of the T lymphocytes involves which type of response?

    Humoral response

  • 11

    Which of the following immunoglobulins is responsible for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma?

    IgE

  • 12

    Which of the following describes the release of chemical mediators from the mast cell?

    Degranulation

  • 13

    If a patient has asthma that is triggered by the inhalation of antigens, he is said to have _____.

    atopic or extrinsic asthma

  • 14

    What type of asthma responds to immunotherapy or allergy shots?

    Extrinsic

  • 15

    How are leukotrienes released?

    The lipoxygenase pathways release leukotriene, adding to the late-phase inflammatory response.

  • 16

    Which of the following is NOT caused by arachidonic acid?

    Mast cell membrane destruction

  • 17

    Which of the following explains the release of leukotrienes?

    The lipoxygenase pathways release leukotrienes, adding to the late-phase inflammatory response.

  • 18

    Which of the following metabolizes the mast cell membrane?

    Phospholipase

  • 19

    Which of the following is most helpful in the treatment of late-phase inflammatory response?

    Administration of systemic corticosteroids

  • 20

    Which of the following pathways produces prostaglandins?

    Cyclo-oxygenase

  • 21

    Which of the following is TRUE concerning treating an immunocompromised patient with corticosteroids?

    Immunocompromised patients are at risk for further compromise of their immune system.

  • 22

    Which of the following would NOT decrease in response to corticosteroid administration?

    Beta2-receptors

  • 23

    Why use caution when prescribing oral corticosteroids?

    They put patients at high risk for steroid dependence.

  • 24

    Which of the following would cause the retention of salt and water reabsorption by the kidneys, resulting in volume expansion?

    Aldosterone

  • 25

    Which of the following would NOT occur with the administration of exogenous corticosteroids?

    Hypothalamic stimulation causing CRF to be released

  • 26

    Why do you need to wean someone from corticosteroids?

    To allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids

  • 27

    Which of the following best represents the mechanism of action for a corticosteroid? I. IInhibition of the arachidonic acid cascade II. Downregulation of the beta2-receptor III. Decreased production of eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes IV. Increased macrophage and leukocyte processing of antigens

    I and III

  • 28

    Airway changes associated with chronic inflammation may be reduced or prevented by the administration of which type of medication?

    Corticosteroids

  • 29

    Common side effects associated with corticosteroid administration include which of the following? I. Stomach irritation II. Headache III. Mood swings IV. Decreased appetite

    I, II, and III

  • 30

    Which of the following corticosteroids is given parenterally and is advantageous for individuals with heart failure?

    Solu-Medrol

  • 31

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the administration of inhaled corticosteroids?

    Candidiasis

  • 32

    Which of the following adverse reactions are associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids? I. Voice changes II. Oropharyngeal fungal infection III. Hoarseness IV. Suppression of HPA

    I, II, and III

  • 33

    What should a patient do following administration of an inhaled corticosteroid?

    Rinse the mouth with water or mouthwash.

  • 34

    A patient who has been taking an inhaled corticosteroid was NOT instructed to rinse after taking the medication. What is this patient at risk for developing?

    Thrush

  • 35

    The Advair® Diskus® combines which of the following? I. Solu-Medrol® II. Serevent® III. Flovent® IV. Flonase®

    II and III

  • 36

    Flovent® and Serevent® combined make which of the following medications?

    Advair

  • 37

    Benefits of daily inhaled corticosteroids include which of the following?

    Fewer severe exacerbations

  • 38

    When HPA suppression occurs, which type of dependency is MOST likely to develop?

    Physiological

  • 39

    Which of the following describes the mechanisms of action for cromolyn sodium?

    Inhibition of calcium influx into the mast cell, which prevents the release of chemical mediators

  • 40

    Which of the following medications are considered antiasthmatics?

    Mast cell stabilizers

  • 41

    Which of the following is considered an antiasthmatic medication?

    Intal

  • 42

    Mast cell degranulation can be prevented by the administration of which of the following medications?

    Alocril

  • 43

    Which route of administration is utilized for cromolyn?

    Inhalation

  • 44

    Side effects for the administration of cromolyn include all EXCEPT which of the following?

    Tachycardia

  • 45

    Which of the following is caused by PGE1?

    Bronchodilation

  • 46

    Prostaglandins may be inhibited by the administration of which of the following NSAIDS?

    Aspirin

  • 47

    Montelukast® is considered which of the following types of medications?

    Leukotriene modifier

  • 48

    Which of the following is NOT a leukotriene modifier?

    Zileuton

  • 49

    Which of the following medications may be recommended for an individual who has a runny nose and is sneezing?

    Allegra

  • 50

    Which of the following is administered for monoclonal antibody therapy?

    Omalizumab

  • 51

    What is the name of the intranasal preparation of cromolyn sodium?

    Nasalcrom

  • 52

    Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for antihistamine medications?

    Blocking the action of histamine at the histamine 1 receptor

  • 53

    Which receptors are the site of action for antihistamines?

    Histamine 1

  • 54

    All of the following are second generation antihistamines EXCEPT?

    Benadryl

  • 55

    Side effects of antihistamine administration include which of the following?

    Dry mouth

  • 56

    How do first-generation antihistamines differ from second-generation antihistamines?

    First-generation antihistamines cause drowsiness and second-generation antihistamines do not cause drowsiness.

  • 57

    Antihistamines block which receptor?

    Histamine 1 receptor

  • 58

    Histamine has which of the following effects on systemic circulation?

    Vasodilation

  • 59

    Histamine has which of the following effects on the pulmonary system?

    Increased airway resistance

  • 60

    Which of the following is an ingredient often used in decongestants?

    Phenylephrine

  • 61

    What are the names of common antigens that bother asthmatic patients? I. dust mites II. smoke III. animal dander IV. mold V. pollen

    I, II, III, IV, and V

  • 62

    The antibody mostly involved with allergic asthma is IgE.

    True

  • 63

    An additional names for allergic asthma is atopic asthma.

    True

  • 64

    The enzyme that metabolizes the phospholipid membrane of the mast cell is phospholipase.

    True

  • 65

    The cascade of arachidonic acid produces two pathways of chemical mediators which are cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways.

    True

  • 66

    The portion of the inflammatory response for a patient to most likely encounter the cascade of arachidonic acid is a Late-Phase response.

    True

  • 67

    The type of medication that will help to block the cascade of arachidonic acid is corticosteroids.

    True

  • 68

    The HPA axis is suppressed by the administration of inhaled corticosteroids.

    False

  • 69

    If patients don’t rinse regularly after using an inhaled corticosteroid, the side effect that is likely to occur is Thrush.

    True

  • 70

    Advair® consists of what fluticasone propionate and salmeterol.

    True

  • 71

    Inhaled foreign material is called an antigen.

    True

  • 72

    B lymphocytes produce antigen-specific immunoglobulins.

    True

  • 73

    T lymphocytes remove or destroy antigens.

    True

  • 74

    Dust mites are a common antigen.

    True

  • 75

    Animal dander is a common antigen.

    True

  • 76

    Pollen is NOT a common antigen.

    False

  • 77

    Mold is NOT a common antigen.

    False

  • 78

    IgE is most associated with mucous membranes.

    False

  • 79

    Chemical mediators are released during mast cell degranulation.

    True

  • 80

    Allergic asthma is also called extrinsic asthma and atopic asthma.

    True

  • 81

    Nonallergic asthma is called intrinsic or nonatopic asthma.

    True

  • 82

    Bronchospasm is NOT caused by histamine release.

    False

  • 83

    The phospholipid membrane of the mast cell is metabolized by phospholipase.

    True

  • 84

    Phospholipase does NOT produce arachidonic acid.

    False

  • 85

    The lipoxygenase pathway produces leukotrienes.

    True

  • 86

    Prostaglandins are produced by the cyclo-oxygenase pathway.

    True

  • 87

    The arachidonic acid cascade happens in the early phase of the immune response.

    False

  • 88

    Leukotrienes and prostaglandins do NOT lead to bronchoconstriction.

    False

  • 89

    Corticosteroids are NOT beneficial in the management of the immune response.

    True

  • 90

    The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis is disrupted by the administration of systemic corticosteroids.

    True

  • 91

    Inhaled corticosteroids do NOT cause HPA suppression.

    True

  • 92

    Corticosteroids do NOT upregulate the beta-receptors.

    False

  • 93

    Salmeterol and Flovent® are medications used to create Advair®.

    True

  • 94

    Rinsing can prevent thrush after administration of inhaled corticosteroid.

    True

  • 95

    IgE biding is inhibited with the use of monoclonal antibody therapy.

    True

  • 96

    Mast cell degranulation releases histamine.

    True

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    Which of the following is NOT a natural defense against inhaled foreign material?

    Antigens

  • 2

    Which of the following produce immunoglobulins?

    B lymphocytes

  • 3

    Which of the following antigens would increase levels of eosinophils on a CBC? I. Dust mites II. Sulfites III. Mold IV. Pet dander

    I, II, III, and IV

  • 4

    The immune system is made up of which functional units? I. Humoral immunity II. Cell-mediated immunity III. Circulating immunity IV. Extrinsic immunity

    I, II and III

  • 5

    Which of the following produce immunoglobulins?

    B lymphocytes

  • 6

    Which of the following is NOT a natural defense against inhaled foreign material?

    Antigens

  • 7

    Which of the following does NOT contribute to the early inflammatory response?

    Arachidonic acid metabolism

  • 8

    What indicates that an asthma attack is allergy related?

    The presence of eosinophils

  • 9

    Activation of the B lymphocytes involves which type of response?

    Humoral response

  • 10

    Activation of the T lymphocytes involves which type of response?

    Humoral response

  • 11

    Which of the following immunoglobulins is responsible for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma?

    IgE

  • 12

    Which of the following describes the release of chemical mediators from the mast cell?

    Degranulation

  • 13

    If a patient has asthma that is triggered by the inhalation of antigens, he is said to have _____.

    atopic or extrinsic asthma

  • 14

    What type of asthma responds to immunotherapy or allergy shots?

    Extrinsic

  • 15

    How are leukotrienes released?

    The lipoxygenase pathways release leukotriene, adding to the late-phase inflammatory response.

  • 16

    Which of the following is NOT caused by arachidonic acid?

    Mast cell membrane destruction

  • 17

    Which of the following explains the release of leukotrienes?

    The lipoxygenase pathways release leukotrienes, adding to the late-phase inflammatory response.

  • 18

    Which of the following metabolizes the mast cell membrane?

    Phospholipase

  • 19

    Which of the following is most helpful in the treatment of late-phase inflammatory response?

    Administration of systemic corticosteroids

  • 20

    Which of the following pathways produces prostaglandins?

    Cyclo-oxygenase

  • 21

    Which of the following is TRUE concerning treating an immunocompromised patient with corticosteroids?

    Immunocompromised patients are at risk for further compromise of their immune system.

  • 22

    Which of the following would NOT decrease in response to corticosteroid administration?

    Beta2-receptors

  • 23

    Why use caution when prescribing oral corticosteroids?

    They put patients at high risk for steroid dependence.

  • 24

    Which of the following would cause the retention of salt and water reabsorption by the kidneys, resulting in volume expansion?

    Aldosterone

  • 25

    Which of the following would NOT occur with the administration of exogenous corticosteroids?

    Hypothalamic stimulation causing CRF to be released

  • 26

    Why do you need to wean someone from corticosteroids?

    To allow time for the body to regain internal regulation of endogenous corticosteroids

  • 27

    Which of the following best represents the mechanism of action for a corticosteroid? I. IInhibition of the arachidonic acid cascade II. Downregulation of the beta2-receptor III. Decreased production of eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes IV. Increased macrophage and leukocyte processing of antigens

    I and III

  • 28

    Airway changes associated with chronic inflammation may be reduced or prevented by the administration of which type of medication?

    Corticosteroids

  • 29

    Common side effects associated with corticosteroid administration include which of the following? I. Stomach irritation II. Headache III. Mood swings IV. Decreased appetite

    I, II, and III

  • 30

    Which of the following corticosteroids is given parenterally and is advantageous for individuals with heart failure?

    Solu-Medrol

  • 31

    Which of the following is a common side effect associated with the administration of inhaled corticosteroids?

    Candidiasis

  • 32

    Which of the following adverse reactions are associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids? I. Voice changes II. Oropharyngeal fungal infection III. Hoarseness IV. Suppression of HPA

    I, II, and III

  • 33

    What should a patient do following administration of an inhaled corticosteroid?

    Rinse the mouth with water or mouthwash.

  • 34

    A patient who has been taking an inhaled corticosteroid was NOT instructed to rinse after taking the medication. What is this patient at risk for developing?

    Thrush

  • 35

    The Advair® Diskus® combines which of the following? I. Solu-Medrol® II. Serevent® III. Flovent® IV. Flonase®

    II and III

  • 36

    Flovent® and Serevent® combined make which of the following medications?

    Advair

  • 37

    Benefits of daily inhaled corticosteroids include which of the following?

    Fewer severe exacerbations

  • 38

    When HPA suppression occurs, which type of dependency is MOST likely to develop?

    Physiological

  • 39

    Which of the following describes the mechanisms of action for cromolyn sodium?

    Inhibition of calcium influx into the mast cell, which prevents the release of chemical mediators

  • 40

    Which of the following medications are considered antiasthmatics?

    Mast cell stabilizers

  • 41

    Which of the following is considered an antiasthmatic medication?

    Intal

  • 42

    Mast cell degranulation can be prevented by the administration of which of the following medications?

    Alocril

  • 43

    Which route of administration is utilized for cromolyn?

    Inhalation

  • 44

    Side effects for the administration of cromolyn include all EXCEPT which of the following?

    Tachycardia

  • 45

    Which of the following is caused by PGE1?

    Bronchodilation

  • 46

    Prostaglandins may be inhibited by the administration of which of the following NSAIDS?

    Aspirin

  • 47

    Montelukast® is considered which of the following types of medications?

    Leukotriene modifier

  • 48

    Which of the following is NOT a leukotriene modifier?

    Zileuton

  • 49

    Which of the following medications may be recommended for an individual who has a runny nose and is sneezing?

    Allegra

  • 50

    Which of the following is administered for monoclonal antibody therapy?

    Omalizumab

  • 51

    What is the name of the intranasal preparation of cromolyn sodium?

    Nasalcrom

  • 52

    Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for antihistamine medications?

    Blocking the action of histamine at the histamine 1 receptor

  • 53

    Which receptors are the site of action for antihistamines?

    Histamine 1

  • 54

    All of the following are second generation antihistamines EXCEPT?

    Benadryl

  • 55

    Side effects of antihistamine administration include which of the following?

    Dry mouth

  • 56

    How do first-generation antihistamines differ from second-generation antihistamines?

    First-generation antihistamines cause drowsiness and second-generation antihistamines do not cause drowsiness.

  • 57

    Antihistamines block which receptor?

    Histamine 1 receptor

  • 58

    Histamine has which of the following effects on systemic circulation?

    Vasodilation

  • 59

    Histamine has which of the following effects on the pulmonary system?

    Increased airway resistance

  • 60

    Which of the following is an ingredient often used in decongestants?

    Phenylephrine

  • 61

    What are the names of common antigens that bother asthmatic patients? I. dust mites II. smoke III. animal dander IV. mold V. pollen

    I, II, III, IV, and V

  • 62

    The antibody mostly involved with allergic asthma is IgE.

    True

  • 63

    An additional names for allergic asthma is atopic asthma.

    True

  • 64

    The enzyme that metabolizes the phospholipid membrane of the mast cell is phospholipase.

    True

  • 65

    The cascade of arachidonic acid produces two pathways of chemical mediators which are cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways.

    True

  • 66

    The portion of the inflammatory response for a patient to most likely encounter the cascade of arachidonic acid is a Late-Phase response.

    True

  • 67

    The type of medication that will help to block the cascade of arachidonic acid is corticosteroids.

    True

  • 68

    The HPA axis is suppressed by the administration of inhaled corticosteroids.

    False

  • 69

    If patients don’t rinse regularly after using an inhaled corticosteroid, the side effect that is likely to occur is Thrush.

    True

  • 70

    Advair® consists of what fluticasone propionate and salmeterol.

    True

  • 71

    Inhaled foreign material is called an antigen.

    True

  • 72

    B lymphocytes produce antigen-specific immunoglobulins.

    True

  • 73

    T lymphocytes remove or destroy antigens.

    True

  • 74

    Dust mites are a common antigen.

    True

  • 75

    Animal dander is a common antigen.

    True

  • 76

    Pollen is NOT a common antigen.

    False

  • 77

    Mold is NOT a common antigen.

    False

  • 78

    IgE is most associated with mucous membranes.

    False

  • 79

    Chemical mediators are released during mast cell degranulation.

    True

  • 80

    Allergic asthma is also called extrinsic asthma and atopic asthma.

    True

  • 81

    Nonallergic asthma is called intrinsic or nonatopic asthma.

    True

  • 82

    Bronchospasm is NOT caused by histamine release.

    False

  • 83

    The phospholipid membrane of the mast cell is metabolized by phospholipase.

    True

  • 84

    Phospholipase does NOT produce arachidonic acid.

    False

  • 85

    The lipoxygenase pathway produces leukotrienes.

    True

  • 86

    Prostaglandins are produced by the cyclo-oxygenase pathway.

    True

  • 87

    The arachidonic acid cascade happens in the early phase of the immune response.

    False

  • 88

    Leukotrienes and prostaglandins do NOT lead to bronchoconstriction.

    False

  • 89

    Corticosteroids are NOT beneficial in the management of the immune response.

    True

  • 90

    The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis is disrupted by the administration of systemic corticosteroids.

    True

  • 91

    Inhaled corticosteroids do NOT cause HPA suppression.

    True

  • 92

    Corticosteroids do NOT upregulate the beta-receptors.

    False

  • 93

    Salmeterol and Flovent® are medications used to create Advair®.

    True

  • 94

    Rinsing can prevent thrush after administration of inhaled corticosteroid.

    True

  • 95

    IgE biding is inhibited with the use of monoclonal antibody therapy.

    True

  • 96

    Mast cell degranulation releases histamine.

    True