問題一覧
1
Which of the following is NOT a goal of aerosol therapy?
To decrease mobilization of secretions
2
All of the following are advantages of delivering drugs via inhalation EXCEPT?
Variable dosage
3
Which of the following describes a disadvantage of delivering medications via aerosol?
It is difficult to deliver a precise dose.
4
When an aerosol particle CANNOT navigate around a branching of the airway and is deposited onto the oncoming airway wall, it has been affected by _____.
inertial impaction
5
Which of the following defines aerosol deposition?
Particles falling out of suspension
6
The aerosol delivery device that is most capable of creating very stable aerosols is the _____.
MDI
7
Which of the following describes the term penetration?
The depth that the aerosol particles reach within the lungs
8
Which term describes an aerosol particle that is unable to negotiate a turn within the tracheobronchial tree and that ultimately deposits on the area of bifurcation of the airways?
Inertial impaction
9
A medicated aerosol can be described as a _____.
suspension of a solid or liquid medication in a carrier gas
10
The depth to which the aerosol particle reaches within the lung is known as _____.
penetration
11
Which of the following particle sizes provides the best opportunity for deposition of medication into the lower airways?
1–5 microns
12
Deposition of aerosols into the nasal cavity is best achieved with which of the following aerosol particle sizes?
> 10 microns
13
The particle size that allows for best penetration of medication to the lower airways upon inhalation of a medicated aerosol is _____.
1–5 microns
14
What is the name of the amount of medication that remains in the SVN after nebulization?
Dead volume
15
Medications such as Afrin® are formulated to generate aerosol particle sizes of _____ microns so that they will be deposited in the nasopharynx, where their action is more desired.
10–15
16
Which of the following factors affect drug delivery via the inhalation route?
I. The properties of the drug being aerosolized.
II. The device used to generate the aerosol.
III.The characteristics of the airway.
IV.The patient’s breathing pattern.
I, II, III, and IV
17
When an inspiratory breath hold is used with an optimal breathing pattern, which of the following will happen?
Deposition of very small, stable particles onto the lung tissue
18
Which is NOT considered a bronchodilator?
Intal®
19
Secretions can be broken down by administering which type of the following agents?
Mucolytics
20
Which of the following is NOT a corticosteroid?
Salmeterol
21
Which of the following is NOT an inhaled antimicrobial agent?
Cromolyn sodium
22
Aerosolized medications can be delivered with which of the following?
I. A BAN
II. An MDI with a holding chamber
III. A HEART® nebulizer
IV. A DPI
I, II, III, and IV
23
After inhaled corticosteroid administration, how can the patient prevent an opportunistic oral infection?
Rinse the mouth and throat with mouthwash or water after inhaling the corticosteroid
24
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using a spacer or holding chamber?
It increases the flow rate of the aerosol particles as they move through the spacer.
25
If a spacer is NOT available for use with an MDI, how should you instruct the patient to use the inhaler?
Hold the MDI 3–4 cm away from your open mouth before depressing the canister.
26
If a patient is taking several medications with an MDI, which drug should the patient be instructed to take first?
Albuterol
27
A 3-year-old is being discharged. You are asked to select an aerosol device. Which of the following is most appropriate?
An MDI with a spacer
28
A patient should be instructed to activate the medication in an MDI in which of the following manners?
Just as inspiration has begun
29
When an MDI has NOT been used for 2 weeks, which of the following should a patient be instructed to do?
Prime the valve before use
30
What is the difference between a spacer and a holding chamber?
The holding chamber has a one-way valve.
31
What instructions to a patient during administration of an aerosol medication will result in the best aerosol deposition?
I. After inhalation, hold the breath for 10–15 seconds.
II. Inhale as quickly as possible.
III. Take a slow, deep breath.
IV. Exhale as quickly as possible.
I and III
32
Which MDI propellant was replaced due to ozone depletion?
Chlorofluorocarbons
33
If a patient is required to use an MDI but does NOT have a spacer or holding chamber, which would be an appropriate technique for the patient to follow during medication administration?
I. Have the patient hold the inhaler two finger widths from the mouth.
II. Have the patient begin to breathe in slowly just before depressing the canister.
III. Have the patient breathe in as slowly and fully as possible.
IV. At end inspiration, have the patient hold a breath for 10–15 seconds.
I, II, III, and IV
34
All of the following are required for optimal deposition EXCEPT _____.
generation of turbulent flow
35
Aerosol particle size can be improved by which of the following factors, leading to an increase in aerosol delivery to the patient?
I. Flow rates of 6–8 l/min.
II. A dead volume of 3–6 ml.
III. A fill volume of 4–6 ml
I and III
36
Which of the following is the most efficient in reducing the amount of wasted medication during exhalation?
A BAN
37
Which of the following is NOT a side effect associated with the administration of albuterol?
Hypoglycemia
38
A patient diagnosed with status asthmaticus has already received two treatments with an SVN. You are called in to administer a bronchodilator to the patient. What device would you recommend?
A HEART® nebulizer
39
How do DPIs deliver aerosolized medication to the lungs?
By requiring the patient to generate sufficient inspiratory flow rates
40
You have been ordered to administer a DPI to a patient. Which of the following criteria would you need to assess to make sure the patient can use the device?
I. Inspiratory flow of at least 40 l/m.
II. Patient’s mental status.
III. Neuromuscular weakness.
IV. Patient’s ability to follow instructions.
I, II, III, and IV
41
All of the following are a disadvantage for DPIs EXCEPT _____.
can be used in a cold environment
42
The HandiHaler® device uses which long-acting anticholinergic agent?
Tiotropium bromide
43
Which of the following devices would be most appropriate for administration of a bronchodilator treatment to a comatose patient?
An SVN with a mask
44
Which of the following is FALSE concerning MDI administration to an intubated and mechanically ventilated patient?
Place the MDI canister on the expiratory limb of the circuit.
45
Which of the following is FALSE concerning administering a nebulizer treatment to an intubated and mechanically ventilated patient?
The heat/moisture exchanger (HME) does not need to be removed.
46
You have employed a breath hold with each actuation of an MDI to a patient who is intubated and mechanically ventilated. Which of the following should you assess due to the extended inspiratory time?
Auto-PEEP
47
Which of the following should NOT be done when giving an SVN during mechanical ventilation?
Turning on a flow-by or flow trigger
48
When the inspiratory time is prolonged too long during aerosol delivery, which of the following parameters on the mechanical ventilator should be monitored?
Auto-PEEP
49
What is the recommended external gas source flow setting for powering an SVN?
6-8 l/min
50
a goal of aerosol therapy is to decrease mobilization of secretions.
False
51
a liquid or solid drug suspended in a carrier gas is called a medicated aerosol.
True
52
When an aerosol particle falls out of suspension, it is called deposition.
True
53
There is an amount of volume in a nebulizer that never gets nebulized is called dead volume.
True
54
1-5 microns is a particle size range that is best for deposition of medication into the lower airways.
True
55
corticosteroids is a type of drug may be used to control asthma and prevent an asthma attack.
True
56
Mucolytics are a type of medication that breaks down secretions.
True
57
What is the difference between a holding chamber and a spacer?
Holding chamber separates spray/inhalation, spacer does not
58
When asked to deliver a continuous nebulizer treatment, what type of nebulizer should you choose?
SVN
59
Without a propellant, the patient has to generate the inspiratory flow to receive the medication. Which type of delivery device depends upon the patient’s ability to generate good inspiratory flow?
DPI
60
An aerosol can be either a liquid or a solid suspended in a gas.
True
61
Humidifying gas is a goal of aerosol therapy.
True
62
Aerosols can be used to deliver medications to the respiratory tract.
True
63
Aerosols will NOT help to improve the mobilization of secretions.
False
64
Delivering a consistent, precise dose with a medicated aerosol is relatively easy.
False
65
A medicated aerosol is a suspension of a solid or liquid drug in a carrier gas.
True
66
Stability refers to the ability of an aerosol to remain in suspension.
True
67
Inertial impaction occurs when an aerosol particle loses the ability to negotiate a turn.
True
68
With poor technique, aerosol particles may be deposited mostly in the oropharynx.
True
69
The depth within the lungs that is reached by an aerosol is referred to as stability.
False
70
Microns are the unit of measurement for aerosol particle size.
True
71
Aerosol particle sizes in the 10–15 micron range have their deposition in the upper airways.
False
72
Aerosol particles that are less than 0.5 microns are the most desired for deposition in the lower airways.
False
73
The desired range for particles to deposit in the lower airways is 1–5 microns.
True
74
Dead volume is the amount of medication or solution that is readily nebulized.
False
75
A breath hold does NOT affect deposition of medicated aerosols.
False
76
For penetration and deposition to the lower airways, turbulent inspiratory flow is recommended.
False
77
Nasal sprays are NOT considered medicated aerosols.
False
78
It is NOT recommended to conduct metered-dose inhaler (MDI) therapy with the use of a spacer.
False
79
A holding chamber is different from an ordinary spacer.
True
80
Ultrasonic nebulizers are very efficient.
True
81
The HEART® nebulizer can be used for continuous nebulizer therapy.
True
82
Spiriva® is prepared as a dry-powder inhaler.
True
83
DPIs can be used with ALL patients.
False
84
Medicated aerosols can be delivered to patients who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
True
85
Infectious pathogens can be transmitted via bioaerosols.
True
86
The guidelines for the treatment and management of Covid-19 patients is static and will remain static.
False
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47問 • 2年前問題一覧
1
Which of the following is NOT a goal of aerosol therapy?
To decrease mobilization of secretions
2
All of the following are advantages of delivering drugs via inhalation EXCEPT?
Variable dosage
3
Which of the following describes a disadvantage of delivering medications via aerosol?
It is difficult to deliver a precise dose.
4
When an aerosol particle CANNOT navigate around a branching of the airway and is deposited onto the oncoming airway wall, it has been affected by _____.
inertial impaction
5
Which of the following defines aerosol deposition?
Particles falling out of suspension
6
The aerosol delivery device that is most capable of creating very stable aerosols is the _____.
MDI
7
Which of the following describes the term penetration?
The depth that the aerosol particles reach within the lungs
8
Which term describes an aerosol particle that is unable to negotiate a turn within the tracheobronchial tree and that ultimately deposits on the area of bifurcation of the airways?
Inertial impaction
9
A medicated aerosol can be described as a _____.
suspension of a solid or liquid medication in a carrier gas
10
The depth to which the aerosol particle reaches within the lung is known as _____.
penetration
11
Which of the following particle sizes provides the best opportunity for deposition of medication into the lower airways?
1–5 microns
12
Deposition of aerosols into the nasal cavity is best achieved with which of the following aerosol particle sizes?
> 10 microns
13
The particle size that allows for best penetration of medication to the lower airways upon inhalation of a medicated aerosol is _____.
1–5 microns
14
What is the name of the amount of medication that remains in the SVN after nebulization?
Dead volume
15
Medications such as Afrin® are formulated to generate aerosol particle sizes of _____ microns so that they will be deposited in the nasopharynx, where their action is more desired.
10–15
16
Which of the following factors affect drug delivery via the inhalation route?
I. The properties of the drug being aerosolized.
II. The device used to generate the aerosol.
III.The characteristics of the airway.
IV.The patient’s breathing pattern.
I, II, III, and IV
17
When an inspiratory breath hold is used with an optimal breathing pattern, which of the following will happen?
Deposition of very small, stable particles onto the lung tissue
18
Which is NOT considered a bronchodilator?
Intal®
19
Secretions can be broken down by administering which type of the following agents?
Mucolytics
20
Which of the following is NOT a corticosteroid?
Salmeterol
21
Which of the following is NOT an inhaled antimicrobial agent?
Cromolyn sodium
22
Aerosolized medications can be delivered with which of the following?
I. A BAN
II. An MDI with a holding chamber
III. A HEART® nebulizer
IV. A DPI
I, II, III, and IV
23
After inhaled corticosteroid administration, how can the patient prevent an opportunistic oral infection?
Rinse the mouth and throat with mouthwash or water after inhaling the corticosteroid
24
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using a spacer or holding chamber?
It increases the flow rate of the aerosol particles as they move through the spacer.
25
If a spacer is NOT available for use with an MDI, how should you instruct the patient to use the inhaler?
Hold the MDI 3–4 cm away from your open mouth before depressing the canister.
26
If a patient is taking several medications with an MDI, which drug should the patient be instructed to take first?
Albuterol
27
A 3-year-old is being discharged. You are asked to select an aerosol device. Which of the following is most appropriate?
An MDI with a spacer
28
A patient should be instructed to activate the medication in an MDI in which of the following manners?
Just as inspiration has begun
29
When an MDI has NOT been used for 2 weeks, which of the following should a patient be instructed to do?
Prime the valve before use
30
What is the difference between a spacer and a holding chamber?
The holding chamber has a one-way valve.
31
What instructions to a patient during administration of an aerosol medication will result in the best aerosol deposition?
I. After inhalation, hold the breath for 10–15 seconds.
II. Inhale as quickly as possible.
III. Take a slow, deep breath.
IV. Exhale as quickly as possible.
I and III
32
Which MDI propellant was replaced due to ozone depletion?
Chlorofluorocarbons
33
If a patient is required to use an MDI but does NOT have a spacer or holding chamber, which would be an appropriate technique for the patient to follow during medication administration?
I. Have the patient hold the inhaler two finger widths from the mouth.
II. Have the patient begin to breathe in slowly just before depressing the canister.
III. Have the patient breathe in as slowly and fully as possible.
IV. At end inspiration, have the patient hold a breath for 10–15 seconds.
I, II, III, and IV
34
All of the following are required for optimal deposition EXCEPT _____.
generation of turbulent flow
35
Aerosol particle size can be improved by which of the following factors, leading to an increase in aerosol delivery to the patient?
I. Flow rates of 6–8 l/min.
II. A dead volume of 3–6 ml.
III. A fill volume of 4–6 ml
I and III
36
Which of the following is the most efficient in reducing the amount of wasted medication during exhalation?
A BAN
37
Which of the following is NOT a side effect associated with the administration of albuterol?
Hypoglycemia
38
A patient diagnosed with status asthmaticus has already received two treatments with an SVN. You are called in to administer a bronchodilator to the patient. What device would you recommend?
A HEART® nebulizer
39
How do DPIs deliver aerosolized medication to the lungs?
By requiring the patient to generate sufficient inspiratory flow rates
40
You have been ordered to administer a DPI to a patient. Which of the following criteria would you need to assess to make sure the patient can use the device?
I. Inspiratory flow of at least 40 l/m.
II. Patient’s mental status.
III. Neuromuscular weakness.
IV. Patient’s ability to follow instructions.
I, II, III, and IV
41
All of the following are a disadvantage for DPIs EXCEPT _____.
can be used in a cold environment
42
The HandiHaler® device uses which long-acting anticholinergic agent?
Tiotropium bromide
43
Which of the following devices would be most appropriate for administration of a bronchodilator treatment to a comatose patient?
An SVN with a mask
44
Which of the following is FALSE concerning MDI administration to an intubated and mechanically ventilated patient?
Place the MDI canister on the expiratory limb of the circuit.
45
Which of the following is FALSE concerning administering a nebulizer treatment to an intubated and mechanically ventilated patient?
The heat/moisture exchanger (HME) does not need to be removed.
46
You have employed a breath hold with each actuation of an MDI to a patient who is intubated and mechanically ventilated. Which of the following should you assess due to the extended inspiratory time?
Auto-PEEP
47
Which of the following should NOT be done when giving an SVN during mechanical ventilation?
Turning on a flow-by or flow trigger
48
When the inspiratory time is prolonged too long during aerosol delivery, which of the following parameters on the mechanical ventilator should be monitored?
Auto-PEEP
49
What is the recommended external gas source flow setting for powering an SVN?
6-8 l/min
50
a goal of aerosol therapy is to decrease mobilization of secretions.
False
51
a liquid or solid drug suspended in a carrier gas is called a medicated aerosol.
True
52
When an aerosol particle falls out of suspension, it is called deposition.
True
53
There is an amount of volume in a nebulizer that never gets nebulized is called dead volume.
True
54
1-5 microns is a particle size range that is best for deposition of medication into the lower airways.
True
55
corticosteroids is a type of drug may be used to control asthma and prevent an asthma attack.
True
56
Mucolytics are a type of medication that breaks down secretions.
True
57
What is the difference between a holding chamber and a spacer?
Holding chamber separates spray/inhalation, spacer does not
58
When asked to deliver a continuous nebulizer treatment, what type of nebulizer should you choose?
SVN
59
Without a propellant, the patient has to generate the inspiratory flow to receive the medication. Which type of delivery device depends upon the patient’s ability to generate good inspiratory flow?
DPI
60
An aerosol can be either a liquid or a solid suspended in a gas.
True
61
Humidifying gas is a goal of aerosol therapy.
True
62
Aerosols can be used to deliver medications to the respiratory tract.
True
63
Aerosols will NOT help to improve the mobilization of secretions.
False
64
Delivering a consistent, precise dose with a medicated aerosol is relatively easy.
False
65
A medicated aerosol is a suspension of a solid or liquid drug in a carrier gas.
True
66
Stability refers to the ability of an aerosol to remain in suspension.
True
67
Inertial impaction occurs when an aerosol particle loses the ability to negotiate a turn.
True
68
With poor technique, aerosol particles may be deposited mostly in the oropharynx.
True
69
The depth within the lungs that is reached by an aerosol is referred to as stability.
False
70
Microns are the unit of measurement for aerosol particle size.
True
71
Aerosol particle sizes in the 10–15 micron range have their deposition in the upper airways.
False
72
Aerosol particles that are less than 0.5 microns are the most desired for deposition in the lower airways.
False
73
The desired range for particles to deposit in the lower airways is 1–5 microns.
True
74
Dead volume is the amount of medication or solution that is readily nebulized.
False
75
A breath hold does NOT affect deposition of medicated aerosols.
False
76
For penetration and deposition to the lower airways, turbulent inspiratory flow is recommended.
False
77
Nasal sprays are NOT considered medicated aerosols.
False
78
It is NOT recommended to conduct metered-dose inhaler (MDI) therapy with the use of a spacer.
False
79
A holding chamber is different from an ordinary spacer.
True
80
Ultrasonic nebulizers are very efficient.
True
81
The HEART® nebulizer can be used for continuous nebulizer therapy.
True
82
Spiriva® is prepared as a dry-powder inhaler.
True
83
DPIs can be used with ALL patients.
False
84
Medicated aerosols can be delivered to patients who are intubated and mechanically ventilated.
True
85
Infectious pathogens can be transmitted via bioaerosols.
True
86
The guidelines for the treatment and management of Covid-19 patients is static and will remain static.
False