ch. 5

95問 • 2年前

問題一覧

Which of the following are advantages to drug administration via the inhalation route? I. Immediate onset of action at the desired site II. Smaller required doses III. Increased systemic drug absorption

I and II

Which is NOT a mechanism of bronchoconstriction?

Embolism formation

All EXCEPT which of the following are possible disadvantages associated with administering drugs via inhalation?

There is a risk of increased systemic side effects.

Contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle is called which of the following?

Bronchospasm

A reduction in the inner diameter of the airway due to the influx of chemical mediators is best referred to as which of the following?

Inflammation

A reduction in the inner diameter of the airway due to excessive mucus production is called _____.

secretion

Which of the following systems is responsible for innervation of the bronchi? I. Autonomic nervous system II. Somatic nervous system III. Central nervous system

I only

Which receptor is found primarily in the lungs?

Beta2

Which of the following are considered to be hormonal in nature?

Catecholamine

Which nervous system causes bronchodilation of bronchial smooth muscle?

Sympathetic system

Stimulation of what nervous system causes an increase in cardiac output, depth of ventilation, and metabolism?

Sympathetic system

Which of the following nervous systems has been nicknamed the “fight-or-flight” system?

Sympathetic system

Of the following, which one would you anticipate to happen with parasympathetic stimulation?

Bronchoconstriction

What physiologic response occurs upon stimulation of the alpha-receptors?

Vasoconstriction

Stimulation of the alpha-receptor results in _____.

vasoconstriction

Which of the following receptors would be stimulated by norepinephrine?

Alpha receptors

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT cause bronchodilation?

Stimulating the conversion of cyclic AMP to GMP

Which of the following describe(s) sympathomimetic bronchodilators? I. Drugs that stimulate intracellular production of cyclic AMP II. Anticholinergic drugs III. Drugs that stimulate beta2-receptors

I and III

When side effects are a problem with the administration of albuterol, what alternative medication could you give to possibly prevent the onset of such side effects?

Levalbuterol

Which is NOT caused by the administration of a beta-agonist?

Salivation

Which of the following will allow for immediate effective evaluation of improvement of airway obstruction following administration of a bronchodilator?

PEFR

Which medication can be used to stop premature labor?

Magnesium

cAMP is believed to have anti-inflammatory properties and can prevent rupture of the mast cell by which of the following mechanisms?

Inhibition of calcium into the mast cell

The sympathomimetic beta-agonist terbutaline is classified as a _____.

resorcinol

How is the sympathomimetic beta-agonist Xopenex® classified?

As a saligenin

Which of the following drugs would be best used for maintenance of bronchospasm? I. Serevent® II. Spiriva® III. Theophylline

I and II

You are called to the emergency room to treat an 18-year-old female who has been admitted in an acute asthma attack. She received two albuterol treatments prior to entering the emergency room. The patient’s breath sounds reveal wheezes bilaterally, and she is unable to perform a PEFR. Which of the following treatments would you recommend?

Continuous nebulization of albuterol

Which are associated with the basic catecholamine molecule? I. Benzene ring II. Two hydroxyl groups III. Amine side chain

I, II, and III

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the length of the amine side chain of a medication? I. The longer the amine side chain, the less selective the medication is for a particular receptor. II. The shorter the amine side chain, the less selective the medication is for a particular receptor. III. The longer the amine side chain, the more selective the medication is for a particular receptor. IV. The shorter the amine side chain, the more selective the medication is for a particular receptor.

II and III

In which of the following situations would you NOT use racemic epinephrine?

Acute bronchospasm

Which medication should be given if suspected post-extubation airway edema is present?

Vaponefrin®

Which medication is a resorcinol?

Metaproterenol

A bronchodilator intended for long-term maintenance of asthma that does NOT have a rapid onset is _____.

salmeterol

Which medication can also be given in the oral form?

Albuterol

A patient presents with dyspnea, increased work of breathing, shortness of breath, and a heart rate of approximately 145 bpm. The individual is 25 years old, has a 10-pack-a-year smoking history, and is otherwise healthy. Auscultation reveals diffuse expiratory wheezes bilaterally. You understand that the patient needs a beta2-agonist medication as a rescue medication, but you are fearful of the increase in heart rate associated with the administration of Ventolin®. Which of the following rescue beta2-agonist medications would you recommend to help reduce the cardiac side effects?

Levalbuterol

Which of the following is NOT a SABA?

Foradil

When administering a beta2-agonist medication, you assess the patient’s vital signs before, during, and after treatment. Soon after beginning therapy, you realize that the patient’s HR is now 120, when it was 90 at rest prior to treatment initiation. Which of the following best describes the sequence of events you should now take? I. Terminate the treatment. II. Continue the treatment. III. Call the physician. IV. Continue to monitor the patient.

I, III, and IV

When a patient experiences a decrease in response shortly after administration of a medication, they are experiencing which of the following?

Tachyphylaxis

Which of the following describe parasympatholytics? I. Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic system II. Anticholinergic drugs III. Drugs that block acetylcholine

II and III

Which of the following is a parasympatholytic?

Spiriva

A parasympatholytic will cause which of the following? I. Bronchodilation II. Decreased heart rate III. Drying of pulmonary secretions

I and III

Which of the following is available as a DPI?

Tiotropium bromide

A parasympatholytic agent has been administered. Which of the following physiologic effects would you expect to see in your patient? I. Constricted bronchial smooth muscle II. Decreased heart rate III. Increased blood pressure IV. Decreased salivation

III and IV

The administration of a _____ agent will stop or decrease the conversion of GTP to cGMP.

parasympatholytic

Atrovent® and albuterol together in MDI form is called _____.

Combivent

Which medication is a long-acting anticholinergic?

Tiotropium bromide

Which of the following is caused by the conversion of GTP to cGMP?

Constriction of bronchial smooth muscle

Salivary gland secretion can be blocked by the administration of which of the following medications?

Atropine

What classification of medication might you recommend for a patient with nonallergic rhinitis?

Anticholinergics

Why is it important to prevent anticholinergic medications from touching the eyes of individuals?

Increased intraocular pressure

Which of the following is the best course of action for a respiratory therapist when a patient is receiving a beta agonist medication and the initial HR was 85 bpm but shortly after the treatment begins, the HR increases to 120 bpm?

Stop the treatment, monitor the patient, and notify the physician.

How are methylxanthines given?

Orally

Which of the following is NOT a reason for toxicity resulting from theophylline?

A therapeutic level of 10 mcg/ml

What is the mechanism of action of methylxanthine medications?

Inhibiting phosphodiesterase

While making a routine home visit to a COPD patient, you notice that he appears very restless and irritable. He complains that he has been dizzy and nauseated and has been urinating frequently during the past 2 days. You review his medication list and see that he is prescribed aerosolized albuterol and Atrovent®, Serevent® by DPI, and Theobid®. You suspect that the patient is experiencing side effects from which of his medications?

Theobid

A patient is receiving beta2-agonist medications, corticosteroids, and a parasympatholytic agent. The physician has asked you to recommend a medication or classification of medications that could potentially help prolong the bronchodilatory effects of the beta2-agonists. Which of the following would you recommend?

Administration of a methylxanthine

What enzyme breaks down cyclic AMP?

Phosphodiesterase

Cyclic-3', 5'-AMP is broken down by which of the following?

Phosphodiesterase

For which neonatal condition is caffeine administered?

Apnea of prematurity

The mechanisms of bronchoconstriction are

Bronchospasm, Airway edema, Secretions

There are _____ mechanisms of bronchoconstriction.

The nickname “rest and digest” has been given to the _____ system.

Parasympathetic

Bronchodilation is caused by stimulation of which system?

Sympathetic

Bronchoconstriction is caused by stimulation of which system?

Parasympathetic

What happens to the heart rate when the parasympathetic system is stimulated?

decreases heart rate

The nickname “fight or flight” has been given to the _____ system.

Sympathetic

How is acetylcholine metabolized?

rapidly by acetylcholinesterase into choline and acetate

Cyclic-3', 5'-AMP is broken down by Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

True

In regard to duration of action, what type of beta-agonist are rescue inhalers considered?

Short acting Beta 2 Agonist (SABA)

Acetylcholine has a bronchoconstriction effect on bronchial smooth muscle.

True

Three different mechanisms cause bronchoconstriction.

True

Bronchoconstriction is characterized by an increase of the airway’s inner diameter.

False

Bronchospasm results from contraction of bronchial smooth muscle.

True

The sympathetic system has been nicknamed the “rest-and-digest” system.

False

The “rest-and-digest” system is the parasympathetic system

True

Parasympathetic stimulation results in bronchial smooth muscle contraction.

True

Sympathetic stimulation results in bronchial smooth muscle contraction.

False

Acetylcholine is metabolized by acetylcholinesterase.

True

The neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system is acetylcholine.

True

NE is the neurotransmitter at the postganglionic junction of the parasympathetic system.

False

Alpha-receptors are receptors of the sympathetic system.

True

Stimulation of the alpha1-receptor results in vasoconstriction.

True

Beta1 stimulation can result in tachycardia.

True

Beta2-receptor stimulation results in bronchial smooth muscle contraction.

True

Beta1-receptors are primarily located in the lungs.

False

Alpha1-receptors are primarily located in the blood vessels.

True

Beta2-receptors are primarily located in the heart.

False

Cyclic GMP causes bronchodilation.

False

A sympathomimetic is the same as an anticholinergic.

False

Serevent® is a long-acting beta-agonist.

True

Ventolin is NOT short-acting beta-agonist.

False

An anticholinergic is a parasympatholytic.

True

An example of an anticholinergic is atropine.

True

Phosphodiesterase is inhibited by methylxanthines.

True

Methylxanthines are strong bronchodilators.

False

ch. 2

Darya Rose · 83問 · 2年前

ch. 2