問題一覧
1
The term “long-distance communication” arose in the technology of transmission of electrical signals over wire communications lines.
True
2
This is one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication for transmitting
information. American Indians used this as a distress signal. This was also used in the Great Wall of China to relay messages of incoming threats.
Smoke Signals
3
This form is often used by ancient Persians, Romans, and Greeks to send messages
using a bird as a courier.
Pigeon Courier
4
In 1792, Claude Chappe developed a messaging system that uses flags as methods
of communication.
Semaphore Flags
5
In 1860, this mail service delivers messages, newspapers, and mails using relays of
horse-mounted riders.
Pony Express
6
It revolutionized long-distance communication by sending electric signals (Morse code) in between two (2) stations.
Electrical Telegraph
7
It is a transmission of electric current projected into space in the form of radio waves.
Wireless Telegraphy (Radio)
8
It is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission of human voice.
Telephone
9
This generation uses analog wireless technology in communications.
1st Generation (1G)
10
In this generation, Cellphones are upgraded from analog to digital. In this generation, the concept of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobiles(GSM) were implemented. It is the generation where Short Message Service (SMS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Packet Switching Network (PSN) is introduced.
2nd Generation (2G)
11
This generaation uses a new technology called Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) in which it can render multimedia services along a line with streaming. Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) is established in this generation.
3rd Generation (3G)
12
The key technologies that have made in this generation are Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The two (2) important 4G standards are WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long-Term Evolution).
4th Generation (4G)
13
This generation rolls out faster data transfer speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G. It is presently happening like the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous smart systems, and
beamforming.
5th Generation (5G)
14
It is a piece of information that can be analog or digital. It can be in the form of a number, character, text, audio, or video. It can be created, deleted, stored, or transferred.
Data
15
It refers to continuous information.
Analog data
16
It takes on discrete values. These bits can be a file, information, or instruction. These consist of ones and zeros (1’s and 0’s).
Digital data
17
It means communication through data bits(as in electric currents and voltagesswitching
on or off). It is decoding information into a binary code and transmitting it in the form of a signal
Digital Communication
18
It refers to the exchange of data between a source and a receiver in a network. It enables
the movement of electronic or digital data between two (2) or more nodes, regardless of geographical
location, technological medium, or data contents.
Data Communication
19
It generates the information
source
20
It converts the information into an electrical form called message signal
source encoder
21
It is used to convert the message signal into a form acceptable to the channel
transmitter
22
It is the path or link that connects the transmitter and the receiver
channel
23
It performs an inverse function of that of the transmitter to recover the message signal
receiver
24
It converts the electrical signal back to a form acceptable to the receiver
source decoder
25
It is the user of the information generated by the source
sink
26
It is a link that permanently connects two (2) nodes or network devices.
Point-to-Point (P2P) topology
27
One (1) node is connected to multiple nodes, each in a P2P manner.
Point-to-Multipoint topology
28
All nodes are interconnected by a single link with one (1)
node that is the master node and the other
nodes are secondary or slave nodes.
Multidrop topology
29
It is like the multidrop
topology with the exception that there is
no master–slave relationship; all nodes are
peers.
Bus topology
30
The nodes are connected
serially in a P2P manner with the last node
connected to the first node to form a loop.
Ring topology
31
It is formed by connecting
multiple buses to form a system of
branching links with no closed loop
Tree topology
32
It is a topology in which
each node is connected in a P2P manner to
a central node called a hub.
Star topology
33
The network nodes are
interconnected arbitrarily. Generally,
users are connected to only a subset of the
nodes, and another set of internal nodes
provides a switching facility that moves
data from one node to another until it
reaches its destination.
Mesh topology
34
These are networks that interconnect devices within the reach of an individual, usually within a
range of 10 meters. These devices are
usually cellphones, tablets, and laptops.
Personal area networks (PANs)
35
These cover small geographical areas, typically a building, a floor, or a campus. Examples include the Ethernet and token ring networks.
Local area networks (LANs)
36
interconnect LANs in a campus or metropolitan area. An example includes the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI).
Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
37
cover much larger areas such as a country (e.g., public switched telephone network [PSTN]) or
the globe (e.g., the Internet).
Wide area networks (WANs)
38
It completes a pattern within a measurable time frame, called a period, and repeats
that pattern over subsequent identical periods. The completion of one (1) full pattern is called a cycle.
Periodic signal
39
It changes without exhibiting a pattern or cycle that repeats over time. Both
analog and digital signals can be periodic or nonperiodic.
Nonperiodic signal
40
It is directly related to the frequency of a given waveform.
Wavelength
41
It refers to the number of waves that pass a given point in each time period and is often
expressed in terms of hertz (𝑯𝒛) or cycles per second.
Frequency
42
It is a measure of how big the wave is. The height from the equilibrium point to the highest point of a crest and the depth from the equilibrium point to the lowest point of a trough.
Amplitude
43
It is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal. A carrier signal is one with a steady waveform—constant height, or amplitude, and frequency.
Modulation
44
It is the modulation technique in which carrier amplitude varies based on analog baseband information signal to be transmitted
in a wireless medium.
Amplitude modulation (AM)
45
It is the modulation technique in which carrier frequency varies based on analog baseband information signal to be transmitted in a wireless medium.
Frequency modulation (FM)
46
It is the modulation technique in which the carrier phase varies based on analog baseband information signal to be transmitted in a wireless medium.
Phase modulation (PM)
47
This method is used to convert an analog signal, such as voice and video, into a digital signal. Each time a sample is taken, it is measured by the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) that converts the analog value to a
digital (binary) equivalent.
Analog-to-Digital Conversion: From PAM to PCM
48
lays out of the analog signal in a graph.
Sampling
49
converts discrete signals into highs (1) and lows (0), making these the binary equivalent of a time-bound discrete signal.
Encoding (pulse code modulation [PCM])
50
As a signal propagates along a communication path from its source to its destination, it is subject to different types of impairments.
Channel Impairments
51
The strength of a signal decreases as it travels along a transmission medium. The amount of attenuation depends on the medium, but in general, it increases with distance.
Attenuation
52
It is usually defined as an unwanted signal that is superimposed on a desired signal.
Noise
53
It is the noise that is caused by such natural atmospheric phenomena as lightning discharge in thunderstorms and other electrical disturbances that occur in nature.
Atmospheric noise
54
is an electromagnetic (EM) noise that is caused by human activities, which are associated with the use of electrical equipment. High-voltage wires and fluorescent lamps also produce this type of noise.
Man-made noise
55
is the noise that comes from outside the earth and includes solar noise and cosmic noise. Solar noise is the noise that originates from the sun, while cosmic noise is generated by distant stars
Extraterrestrial noise
56
occurs in electrical conductors and is caused by the thermal agitation of the charges in the material.
Thermal noise
57
arises from the time-dependent fluctuations in electrical current. This is caused by the discrete nature of electron charges. It is particularly noticeable in semiconductor devices
Shot noise
58
It refers to the change or alteration of an object. Thus, in terms of data transmission, it means that the signal changes its form or shape.
Distortion
59
It is a phenomenon that is
peculiar to guided transmission media.
Delay distortion
60
It is often useful to have a quantitative method for describing the quality of a signal in terms of its corruption by noise.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
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91問 • 5ヶ月前問題一覧
1
The term “long-distance communication” arose in the technology of transmission of electrical signals over wire communications lines.
True
2
This is one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication for transmitting
information. American Indians used this as a distress signal. This was also used in the Great Wall of China to relay messages of incoming threats.
Smoke Signals
3
This form is often used by ancient Persians, Romans, and Greeks to send messages
using a bird as a courier.
Pigeon Courier
4
In 1792, Claude Chappe developed a messaging system that uses flags as methods
of communication.
Semaphore Flags
5
In 1860, this mail service delivers messages, newspapers, and mails using relays of
horse-mounted riders.
Pony Express
6
It revolutionized long-distance communication by sending electric signals (Morse code) in between two (2) stations.
Electrical Telegraph
7
It is a transmission of electric current projected into space in the form of radio waves.
Wireless Telegraphy (Radio)
8
It is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission of human voice.
Telephone
9
This generation uses analog wireless technology in communications.
1st Generation (1G)
10
In this generation, Cellphones are upgraded from analog to digital. In this generation, the concept of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Global System for Mobiles(GSM) were implemented. It is the generation where Short Message Service (SMS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Packet Switching Network (PSN) is introduced.
2nd Generation (2G)
11
This generaation uses a new technology called Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) in which it can render multimedia services along a line with streaming. Evolved High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) is established in this generation.
3rd Generation (3G)
12
The key technologies that have made in this generation are Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The two (2) important 4G standards are WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) and LTE (Long-Term Evolution).
4th Generation (4G)
13
This generation rolls out faster data transfer speeds up to 10 times faster than 4G. It is presently happening like the Internet of Things (IoT), autonomous smart systems, and
beamforming.
5th Generation (5G)
14
It is a piece of information that can be analog or digital. It can be in the form of a number, character, text, audio, or video. It can be created, deleted, stored, or transferred.
Data
15
It refers to continuous information.
Analog data
16
It takes on discrete values. These bits can be a file, information, or instruction. These consist of ones and zeros (1’s and 0’s).
Digital data
17
It means communication through data bits(as in electric currents and voltagesswitching
on or off). It is decoding information into a binary code and transmitting it in the form of a signal
Digital Communication
18
It refers to the exchange of data between a source and a receiver in a network. It enables
the movement of electronic or digital data between two (2) or more nodes, regardless of geographical
location, technological medium, or data contents.
Data Communication
19
It generates the information
source
20
It converts the information into an electrical form called message signal
source encoder
21
It is used to convert the message signal into a form acceptable to the channel
transmitter
22
It is the path or link that connects the transmitter and the receiver
channel
23
It performs an inverse function of that of the transmitter to recover the message signal
receiver
24
It converts the electrical signal back to a form acceptable to the receiver
source decoder
25
It is the user of the information generated by the source
sink
26
It is a link that permanently connects two (2) nodes or network devices.
Point-to-Point (P2P) topology
27
One (1) node is connected to multiple nodes, each in a P2P manner.
Point-to-Multipoint topology
28
All nodes are interconnected by a single link with one (1)
node that is the master node and the other
nodes are secondary or slave nodes.
Multidrop topology
29
It is like the multidrop
topology with the exception that there is
no master–slave relationship; all nodes are
peers.
Bus topology
30
The nodes are connected
serially in a P2P manner with the last node
connected to the first node to form a loop.
Ring topology
31
It is formed by connecting
multiple buses to form a system of
branching links with no closed loop
Tree topology
32
It is a topology in which
each node is connected in a P2P manner to
a central node called a hub.
Star topology
33
The network nodes are
interconnected arbitrarily. Generally,
users are connected to only a subset of the
nodes, and another set of internal nodes
provides a switching facility that moves
data from one node to another until it
reaches its destination.
Mesh topology
34
These are networks that interconnect devices within the reach of an individual, usually within a
range of 10 meters. These devices are
usually cellphones, tablets, and laptops.
Personal area networks (PANs)
35
These cover small geographical areas, typically a building, a floor, or a campus. Examples include the Ethernet and token ring networks.
Local area networks (LANs)
36
interconnect LANs in a campus or metropolitan area. An example includes the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI).
Metropolitan area networks (MANs)
37
cover much larger areas such as a country (e.g., public switched telephone network [PSTN]) or
the globe (e.g., the Internet).
Wide area networks (WANs)
38
It completes a pattern within a measurable time frame, called a period, and repeats
that pattern over subsequent identical periods. The completion of one (1) full pattern is called a cycle.
Periodic signal
39
It changes without exhibiting a pattern or cycle that repeats over time. Both
analog and digital signals can be periodic or nonperiodic.
Nonperiodic signal
40
It is directly related to the frequency of a given waveform.
Wavelength
41
It refers to the number of waves that pass a given point in each time period and is often
expressed in terms of hertz (𝑯𝒛) or cycles per second.
Frequency
42
It is a measure of how big the wave is. The height from the equilibrium point to the highest point of a crest and the depth from the equilibrium point to the lowest point of a trough.
Amplitude
43
It is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal. A carrier signal is one with a steady waveform—constant height, or amplitude, and frequency.
Modulation
44
It is the modulation technique in which carrier amplitude varies based on analog baseband information signal to be transmitted
in a wireless medium.
Amplitude modulation (AM)
45
It is the modulation technique in which carrier frequency varies based on analog baseband information signal to be transmitted in a wireless medium.
Frequency modulation (FM)
46
It is the modulation technique in which the carrier phase varies based on analog baseband information signal to be transmitted in a wireless medium.
Phase modulation (PM)
47
This method is used to convert an analog signal, such as voice and video, into a digital signal. Each time a sample is taken, it is measured by the ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) that converts the analog value to a
digital (binary) equivalent.
Analog-to-Digital Conversion: From PAM to PCM
48
lays out of the analog signal in a graph.
Sampling
49
converts discrete signals into highs (1) and lows (0), making these the binary equivalent of a time-bound discrete signal.
Encoding (pulse code modulation [PCM])
50
As a signal propagates along a communication path from its source to its destination, it is subject to different types of impairments.
Channel Impairments
51
The strength of a signal decreases as it travels along a transmission medium. The amount of attenuation depends on the medium, but in general, it increases with distance.
Attenuation
52
It is usually defined as an unwanted signal that is superimposed on a desired signal.
Noise
53
It is the noise that is caused by such natural atmospheric phenomena as lightning discharge in thunderstorms and other electrical disturbances that occur in nature.
Atmospheric noise
54
is an electromagnetic (EM) noise that is caused by human activities, which are associated with the use of electrical equipment. High-voltage wires and fluorescent lamps also produce this type of noise.
Man-made noise
55
is the noise that comes from outside the earth and includes solar noise and cosmic noise. Solar noise is the noise that originates from the sun, while cosmic noise is generated by distant stars
Extraterrestrial noise
56
occurs in electrical conductors and is caused by the thermal agitation of the charges in the material.
Thermal noise
57
arises from the time-dependent fluctuations in electrical current. This is caused by the discrete nature of electron charges. It is particularly noticeable in semiconductor devices
Shot noise
58
It refers to the change or alteration of an object. Thus, in terms of data transmission, it means that the signal changes its form or shape.
Distortion
59
It is a phenomenon that is
peculiar to guided transmission media.
Delay distortion
60
It is often useful to have a quantitative method for describing the quality of a signal in terms of its corruption by noise.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio