(HES 029) Module 4

Integumentary System

(HES 029) Module 4

100問 • 1年前Integumentary System

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Consists of the skin and its accessory structures; one of the more familiar systems of the body because it covers the outside of the body and is easily observed.

Integumentary System

This means covering

Integument

Examples of accessory structures in Integumentary System

Hair

A type of major function of the Integumentary system that plays a protective function.

Protection

The intact skin plays an important role in reducing ______ and acts as a _____ from the microorganisms and foreign substances entering the body.

Water Loss, Barrier

The ______ ______ epithelium of the skin protects underlying structures against abrasion.

Stratified Squamous

_______ absorbs UV light and protects underlying structures from its damaging effects.

Melanin

The ____ protect the ends of the fingers and toes from damage and can be used in defense.

Nails

A major function of the integumentary system that contains the sensory receptors for pain, heat, cold and pressure.

Sensation

______ ______ around the hair follicle can detect the movement of a hair.

Sensory Receptors

The first process of Vitamin D Production: UV light causes skin to produce a precursor molecule of vitamin D, which is also known as the _____.

7-Dehydrocholesterol

The second process of Vitamin D Production: Precursor is carried by the blood to be modified in the _____. (Vitamin D₃)

Liver

The third process of Vitamin D Production: Carried by the blood to the _____ for further modification.

Kidney

The fourth and last process of Vitamin D Production: The formation of _____ ______ _.

Active Vitamin D

Exposure to enough __ _____ can produce all the vitamin D needed by humans.

UV Light

Adequate levels of vitamin D are necessary because active vitamin D stimulates the small intestines to absorb _____ and ______. (essentials for bone growth and muscle function)

Calcium, Phosphate

_____ ____ (and fish oils) and _____ _________ ____ are the best sources of vitamin D.

Fatty Fish, Vitamin D-fortified Milk

A major function of the integumentary system, ______ _______ responsible for maintaining the temperature at about __C (___F)

Temperature Regulation, 37, 98.6

The rate of chemical reactions (______) is altered by the changes of temperature.

Metabolism

Too heat body: Blood vessels constrict to reduce ____ ____ to skin and the heat is retained.

Blood Flow

To cool the body: Blood vessels in dermis _____ and heat is transferred from deep in tissues to skin and sweat is produced.

Dilate

It is a type of heat loss where the heat is lost through infared energy

Radiation

It is a type of heat loss where the heat is lost through air movement.

Convection

It is a type of heat loss that is lost through direct contract with an object.

Conduction

A major function of the integumentary system where skin glands can remove large amounts of sweat, but only a small amount of waste products (urea, acid, and ammonia).

Excretion

Skin is made up of two major tissue layers: _____ and _____.

Epidermis, Dermis

Skin weighs approximately ____.

9lbs

Skin is usually referred to as “___ ____”.

Thin Skin

“____ ____” is found only on the palms of the hands and soles of feet.

Thick Skin

_______ is the most superficial layer of the skin; made up of _____ _______ epithelium.

Epidermis, Stratified Squamous

Distinct Layers of Epidermis

Strata

______ is the deepest layer among the five epidermal strata; consists of cuboidal and columnar cells that undergo mitotic divisions about every __ days. This stratum is a single payer of cells and firmly attached to ____.

Stratum Basale, 19, Dermis

_____ _____, among the five epidermal strata, is the spiny in appearance due to the protruding cell processing that join the cells; composed of __ to __ layers of _____ (cells that manufacture and store the protein kertain)

Stratum Spinosum, 8, 10, Keratinocytes

______ _______, among the five epidermal strata, has grainy appearance due to further changes to the keratinocytes as they are pushed from the spinosum; it generate large amounts of ____, which is fibrous.

Stratum Granulosum, Keratin

_____ _____, among the five epidermal strata, is a smooth, seemingly translucent layer that is found only on thick skin of palms, soles, and digits.

Stratum Lucidum

_____ ______, among the five epidermal strata, is the outermost layer of epidermis. It consists of __ to ___ layers of dead squamous filled with keratin and accountd for __% of epidermal thickness; joined by _____. This layer is also coated and surrounded by _____, which acts as a waterproofing material.

Stratum Corneum, 20, 30, 75, Desmosomes, Lipid

A common condition associated with stratum corneum that has excessive sloughing from the surface of the scalp.

Dandruff

A common condition associated with Stratum Corneum that is hard skin and forms when the skin has been exposed to frequent friction resulting in increased layers of cernum and thickened area.

Callus

_____ is one of the common conditions associated with Stratum Corneum that occurs when the corneum thickens to form a _____-shaped structure over a bony prominence.

Corn, Cone

_________ is a process in which new cells with _____ is pushing old cells to the surface. It takes __ to __ days for the new cells to reach the surface.

Keratinization, Keratin, 40, 56

True or False The first process of keratinization: New cells form and push older cells to the surface

True

In the second process of keratinization: Cells ____, or ____ ___.

Slough, Flake Off

It is the third process of Keratinization: _______ _____ eventually die.

Epithelial Cells

True or False The fourth process of Keratinization: Formation of outer later of dead, rigid cells (resist abrasion and acts as a permeability barrier)

True

_______ is the 2nd major skin region; composed of ____ _____ ______ ______ containing fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages, nerves, hair follicles, smooth muscles, glands, and lymphatic vessels.

Dermis, Dense Collagenous Connective Tissue

Dermis is made up of ____ and _____ ______; ______ ______ are oriented in many different directions.

Collagen, Elastic Fibers, Elastic Fibers

These are areas where skin is the most resistant to stretching; caused by orientation of collagen fibers; vital in scarring.

Cleavage Lines

Visible lines through epidermis that result from overstretched skin, for any reason damaging the dermis; usually common when a person increases in size quite rapidly.

Stretch Mark

It is one of the layers of Dermis, a thin connective tissue layer that contains blood vessels.

Papillary Layer

It is the projections that extend up into epidermis; blood flow through these vessels supports lies the overlying epidermis; arranged in parallel, curving ridges that shape into fingerprints, footprints, & palm lines; these ridges increase friction and improve the grip of hands and feet; the pattern is genetically determined.

Dermal Papillae

______ ____ is the deepest layer of dermis and accounts for __% of dermis.

Reticular Layer, 80

A factor affecting skin color.

Pigments in skin

______ are irregularly shaped cells with many long processes that extend between the epithelial cells of the deep part of epidermis and is responsible for the production of ______.

Melanocytes, Melanin

True or False Melanocytes of darker skinned people produces more and darker melanin than fairer skinned people.

True

True or False All races have the same amount of melanin.

False

These are melanin-containing vesicles which move into the cell processes of melanocytes.

Melanosomes

The group of pigments primarily responsible for skin, hair, and eye color.

Melanin

True or False Pigments of most molecules are brown to black; some are yellowish or redish.

True

It functions as the provider for protection against ultraviolet light from sunlight.

Melanin

It is one of the determants of melanin production responsible for the akounts of melanin produced in different races.

Genetic Factors

It is a recessive genetic trait that causes a deficiency or an absence of melanin (have fair skin, white hair, unpigmented irises in eyes)

Albinism

A type of determinants of Melanin Production that stimulates melanocytes to increase melanin production to help protect the skin resulting in a suntan.

Exposure To UV Light

True or False UV light causes elastic fibers to clump and become leathery

True

True or False UV light can alter DNA in cells causing them to mutate.

True

A ______ is the skin reacting to UV exposure.

Sunburn

Certain _____, such as ______ and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), increase the melanin production during pregnancy.

Hormone, Estrogen

Give me one area with more melanin.

Freckles

Give me one area with less melanin.

Lips

It attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle; below the dermis.

Subcutaneous Tissue

Subcutaneous Tissue / Hypodermis supplies the area with _____ _____ and _____.

Blood Vessels, Nerves

Subcutaneous Tissue / Hypodermis is not part of the skin and is made up of _____ __________ tissue, including _______ tissue and contains about ___ of the body’s stored lipids.

Loose Connective, Adipose, 1/2

True or False In Subcutaneous Tissue / Hypodermis, the amount and location of adipose tissue vary with age, sex, and diet.

True

True or False Subcutaneous Tissue / Hypodermis serves as padding and insulator.

True

True or False Subcutaneous Tissue / Hypodermis is responsible for some of the differences in appearance between men and women.

True

It is used to estimate total body fat (the thicker the fold, the greater the amount of total body fat)

Subcutaneous Tissue

Acceptable body fat varies from __%-__% for females and from __%-__% for males.

21, 30, 13, 25

It is found everywhere on the skin, except on palms, the soles, lips, nipples, part of genitalia, and the distal segments of fingers and toes.

Hair

It is a flexible strands of keratinized cells and protudes above the surface of the skin.

Hair Shaft

A hair component that protrudes below the surface.

Hair Root

It is the base of hair root and it is where the hair is produced

Hair Bulb

It is an invagination of the epidermis that extends deep into the dermis; it is a group of cells that surround the root and bulb and responsible for giving different shapes to the hair.

Hair Follicle

____ _______ is a hard covering of hair that is surrounded by the _____, a single later of overlapping cells that hoods the hair in the hair follicle.

Hair Cortex, Cuticle

A hair component ____ _______, is the softer center that is surrounded by the _____.

Hair Medulla, Cortex

It is an extension of the dermis that protrudes into the hair bulb; the blood vessels within supply the hair bulb with the nourishment needed to produce hair.

Hair Papilla

_______ _____ is made up of smooth muscle that surrounds each hair follicle; its contraction causes the hair to become more perpendicular to the skin’s surface called “_____ _____”

Arrector Pili, Goose Bumps

Sequencing Cycle of Hair Production 1. Hair is formed by epithelial cells within the hair bulb (Growth Stage) 2. These cells divide and undergo keratinization. 3. Hair root & shaft consist of columns of dead keratinized epithelial cells. 4. Hair grows longer as cells are added to the base of the hair within the hair bulb. 5. Old hair falls out; formation of new hair. 6. Growth stops & hair is held in the hair follicle until it falls out (Resting Stage)

5, 1, 2, 4, 3, 6

_________ and good nutrition promote hair growth.

Testosterone

Scalp grows for _ _____ and rests for _ ____.

3 Years, 1 Year

Eyelashes grow for __ days and rest for ___ days.

30, 105

Normally, we lose about __ scalps hairs every day.

____ _____ is determined by varying amounts and types of melanin. ____ _____ is the loss or fading of melanin.

Hair Color, Grey Hair

Male Pattern Baldness is from the loss of ____ ______.

Hair Follicle

There are two major glands of the skin, the _____ and the ____ ______.

Sebaceous, Sweat Glands

These glands are simple, branched acinar glands; most are connected by a duct to the hair follicle.

Sebaceous Glands

Sebaceous Glands secrete _____, released by _______ _______, an oily substance rich in lipids that lubricates hair and skin to prevent drying.

Sebum, Holocrine Secretion

Sweat Glands have two types: The _______ Sweat Glands and the ______ Sweat Glands

Apocrine, Eccrine

A type of seeat glands that release sweat by merocrine secretion that is made mostly of water with a few salts.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

True or False Apocrine Sweat Glands are located in almost every part of the skin but most numerous in palms and soles.

False

True or False Eccrine Sweat Glands are open into the sweat pores

True

100

It is a type of sweat gland that produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances by merocrine secretion, though some glands demonstrate holocrine secretion.

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Medical Terminology (Abbreviations)

ユーザ名非公開 · 19問 · 1年前

Medical Terminology (Abbreviations)