Chapter 15 Respiratory System

100問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

External nose are composed mainly of?

Hyaline cartilage

Nasal cavity extends from ____ (nostrils) to _____

Nares, choane

This is the openings to pharynx

Choane

Where air flows

Nasal cavity

Air filled spaces within bone and opens into nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

These are 3 prominent body ridges located on each side of nasal cavity, responsible in increasing the _____ ____ of nasal cavity

Conchae, surface area

These carry tears from eyes and are open into nasal cavity

Nasolacrimal ducts

Throat

Pharynx

Component of pharynx where is takes in air

Nasopharynx

Component of pharynx responsible for taking in food, drink, and air, extending from ____ to _____.

Oropharynx, uvula, epiglottis

Component of pharynx where food and drink pass through, extending from ____ to ______.

Laryngopharynx, epiglottis, esophagus

Little Grape

Uvula

Extension of soft palate

Uvula

Removal of Uvula

Uvulectomy

Aids in defending against infections

Pharyngeal tonsil

Voicebox

Larynx

Located in front of throat

Larynx

Larynx consists of cartilage, _ single, _ paired

3, 3

Adam’s apple

Thyroid cartilage

Largest piece of cartilage in the pharynx

Thyroid cartilage

A flap piece of cartilage that prevents swallowed materials from entering larynx

Epiglottis

Larynx Cartilages T____ E____ Cr___ A____ Cu___ Co___

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, cricoid, arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate

Source of voice production

Vocal folds

In vocal folds/cords, ____ determines pitch

Tension

In vocal folds/cords, _____ determine loudness

Force of air

False vocal cords

Vestibular folds

Inflammation of vocal cords caused by overuse, dry air and infection

Laryngitis

Windpipe

Trachea

Trachea consists of ___ shaped pieces of cartilage.

16-20C

Trachea contains ___ epithelium

Cilia pseudostratified columnar

__ kills cilia.

Smoking

___ dislodges materials from trachea.

Coughing

Divide from trachea

Bronchi

Connect to lungs

Bronchi

Lines with cilia

Bronchi

Primary organ of respiration.

Lungs

Lungs are ___ shaped.

Cone

Lungs rest on ___.

Diaphragm

Right lung has _ lobes.

Left lung has _ lobes.

In lungs, ____ is bigger than the _____.

Left lung, right lung

Air Passageways of Lungs

Primary bronchi, lobar (secondary) bronchi, segmental (tertiary) bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Small air sacs

Alveoli

Where gas exchange occurs

Alveoli

Alveoli consists of _____ in lungs.

300 million

Contraction of terminal bronchioles and leads to ___ air flow.

Asthma attack, reduced

In lungs, this is where gas exchange between air and blood occurs.

Respiratory membrane

Respiratory membrane is formed by walls of ____ and ___?

Alveoli, capillaries

In respiratory, _____ and _______ also contribute.

Alveolar ducts, respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory membrane are _____ for diffusion of gases.

Very thin

Double-layed membrane around lungs

Pleura

Membrane that lines thoracic cavity

Parietal pleura

Membrane that covers lung’s surface

Visceral pleura

Space around each lung

Pleural cavity

Breathing

Ventilation

Process of moving air in and out of lungs.

Ventilation

Ventilation uses ____.

Diaphragm

Skeletal muscle that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Diaphragm

Breathe in

Inspiration

Inspiration uses ____

External intercostal muscles

Breathe out

Expiration

Expiration uses ____

Internal intercostal muscles

When thoracic cavity volume increase, what decreases?

Pressure

When thoracic volume decrease, pressure ____

Increases

air flows from areas of ___ to ___ pressure.

High, low

In inspiration, diaphragm ____ and rib cage ____.

Descends, expands

In inspiration, thoracic cavity volume ____, pressure ____

Increases, decreases

In inspiration, ATM pressure is ____ than Alveolar pressure

Greater

In expiration, diaphragm ____ and rib cage ____.

Relaxes, recoils

In expiration, thoracic cavity volume ____ and pressure ____

Decreases, increases

In expiration, ATM pressure is ___ than alveolar pressure

Lesser

Tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size.

Lung recoil

Lung recoil occurs during ________

Quiet expiration

Lung recoil is due to _____ and ______ lining alveoli

Elastic fibers, thin film of fluid

Mixture of lipoproteins

Surfactant

Surfactant is produced by ____ of ____

Secretory cells, alveoli

Surfactant is a ____ layer on surface of ____ lining alveoli.

Single, thin fluid

This reducs surface tension and keeps lungs from collapsing.

Surfactant

Pressure in pleural cavity

Pleural pressure

Pleural pressure is less than ____

Alveolar pressure

Keep alveoli from collapsing

Pleural pressure

Factors that influence pulmonary ventilation where lungs need to recoil between ventilation and is decreased by ____.

Lung elasticity, emphysema

Expansion of thoracic cavity and is affected if rib cage is damaged.

Lung compliance

This occurs during an asthma attack, infection, tumor

Respiratory passageway resistance

Device that measure pulmonary volumes

Spirometer

Volume of air inspired and expired during quiet breathing.

Tidal volume

Volume of air that can be inspired forcefully after a normal inspiration

Inspiratory reserve volume

Volume of air that can be expired forcefully after a normal expiration

Expiratory reserve volume

Remaining volume of air in lungs arter a max expiration

Residual volume

Max amont of air a person can expire after a max expiration

Vital capacity

Vital Capacity formula

VC = IRV + ERV + TV

Total lung capacity formula

TLC = VC + RV

Factors that influence pulmonary volumes

Gender, age, height, weight

Primary alveoli

Respiratory membrane

Total surface arew of lungs is __ square meters (______)

70, basketball court

In respiratory membrane, when thickness increases, the rate of diffusion ____

Decreases

_____ decreass diffusion in the respiratory membrane

Pulmonary edema

In respiratory membrane thickness, rate of gas is ____ and ____ exchange is affected before _____ because ___ diffuse more easily than ____.

Decreased, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen

Pressure exerted by a specific gas in a mixture of gases.

Partial pressure

100

Total pressure of all gases is __ (mm Hg) and __% of mixture is Oxygen or __ mm Hg.

760, 21, 160

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問題一覧

External nose are composed mainly of?

Hyaline cartilage

Nasal cavity extends from ____ (nostrils) to _____

Nares, choane

This is the openings to pharynx

Choane

Where air flows

Nasal cavity

Air filled spaces within bone and opens into nasal cavity

Paranasal sinuses

These are 3 prominent body ridges located on each side of nasal cavity, responsible in increasing the _____ ____ of nasal cavity

Conchae, surface area

These carry tears from eyes and are open into nasal cavity

Nasolacrimal ducts

Throat

Pharynx

Component of pharynx where is takes in air

Nasopharynx

Component of pharynx responsible for taking in food, drink, and air, extending from ____ to _____.

Oropharynx, uvula, epiglottis

Component of pharynx where food and drink pass through, extending from ____ to ______.

Laryngopharynx, epiglottis, esophagus

Little Grape

Uvula

Extension of soft palate

Uvula

Removal of Uvula

Uvulectomy

Aids in defending against infections

Pharyngeal tonsil

Voicebox

Larynx

Located in front of throat

Larynx

Larynx consists of cartilage, _ single, _ paired

3, 3

Adam’s apple

Thyroid cartilage

Largest piece of cartilage in the pharynx

Thyroid cartilage

A flap piece of cartilage that prevents swallowed materials from entering larynx

Epiglottis

Larynx Cartilages T____ E____ Cr___ A____ Cu___ Co___

Thyroid cartilage, epiglottis, cricoid, arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate

Source of voice production

Vocal folds

In vocal folds/cords, ____ determines pitch

Tension

In vocal folds/cords, _____ determine loudness

Force of air

False vocal cords

Vestibular folds

Inflammation of vocal cords caused by overuse, dry air and infection

Laryngitis

Windpipe

Trachea

Trachea consists of ___ shaped pieces of cartilage.

16-20C

Trachea contains ___ epithelium

Cilia pseudostratified columnar

__ kills cilia.

Smoking

___ dislodges materials from trachea.

Coughing

Divide from trachea

Bronchi

Connect to lungs

Bronchi

Lines with cilia

Bronchi

Primary organ of respiration.

Lungs

Lungs are ___ shaped.

Cone

Lungs rest on ___.

Diaphragm

Right lung has _ lobes.

Left lung has _ lobes.

In lungs, ____ is bigger than the _____.

Left lung, right lung

Air Passageways of Lungs

Primary bronchi, lobar (secondary) bronchi, segmental (tertiary) bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Small air sacs

Alveoli

Where gas exchange occurs

Alveoli

Alveoli consists of _____ in lungs.

300 million

Contraction of terminal bronchioles and leads to ___ air flow.

Asthma attack, reduced

In lungs, this is where gas exchange between air and blood occurs.

Respiratory membrane

Respiratory membrane is formed by walls of ____ and ___?

Alveoli, capillaries

In respiratory, _____ and _______ also contribute.

Alveolar ducts, respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory membrane are _____ for diffusion of gases.

Very thin

Double-layed membrane around lungs

Pleura

Membrane that lines thoracic cavity

Parietal pleura

Membrane that covers lung’s surface

Visceral pleura

Space around each lung

Pleural cavity

Breathing

Ventilation

Process of moving air in and out of lungs.

Ventilation

Ventilation uses ____.

Diaphragm

Skeletal muscle that separates thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Diaphragm

Breathe in

Inspiration

Inspiration uses ____

External intercostal muscles

Breathe out

Expiration

Expiration uses ____

Internal intercostal muscles

When thoracic cavity volume increase, what decreases?

Pressure

When thoracic volume decrease, pressure ____

Increases

air flows from areas of ___ to ___ pressure.

High, low

In inspiration, diaphragm ____ and rib cage ____.

Descends, expands

In inspiration, thoracic cavity volume ____, pressure ____

Increases, decreases

In inspiration, ATM pressure is ____ than Alveolar pressure

Greater

In expiration, diaphragm ____ and rib cage ____.

Relaxes, recoils

In expiration, thoracic cavity volume ____ and pressure ____

Decreases, increases

In expiration, ATM pressure is ___ than alveolar pressure

Lesser

Tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size.

Lung recoil

Lung recoil occurs during ________

Quiet expiration

Lung recoil is due to _____ and ______ lining alveoli

Elastic fibers, thin film of fluid

Mixture of lipoproteins

Surfactant

Surfactant is produced by ____ of ____

Secretory cells, alveoli

Surfactant is a ____ layer on surface of ____ lining alveoli.

Single, thin fluid

This reducs surface tension and keeps lungs from collapsing.

Surfactant

Pressure in pleural cavity

Pleural pressure

Pleural pressure is less than ____

Alveolar pressure

Keep alveoli from collapsing

Pleural pressure

Factors that influence pulmonary ventilation where lungs need to recoil between ventilation and is decreased by ____.

Lung elasticity, emphysema

Expansion of thoracic cavity and is affected if rib cage is damaged.

Lung compliance

This occurs during an asthma attack, infection, tumor

Respiratory passageway resistance

Device that measure pulmonary volumes

Spirometer

Volume of air inspired and expired during quiet breathing.

Tidal volume

Volume of air that can be inspired forcefully after a normal inspiration

Inspiratory reserve volume

Volume of air that can be expired forcefully after a normal expiration

Expiratory reserve volume

Remaining volume of air in lungs arter a max expiration

Residual volume

Max amont of air a person can expire after a max expiration

Vital capacity

Vital Capacity formula

VC = IRV + ERV + TV

Total lung capacity formula

TLC = VC + RV

Factors that influence pulmonary volumes

Gender, age, height, weight

Primary alveoli

Respiratory membrane

Total surface arew of lungs is __ square meters (______)

70, basketball court

In respiratory membrane, when thickness increases, the rate of diffusion ____

Decreases

_____ decreass diffusion in the respiratory membrane

Pulmonary edema

In respiratory membrane thickness, rate of gas is ____ and ____ exchange is affected before _____ because ___ diffuse more easily than ____.

Decreased, oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen

Pressure exerted by a specific gas in a mixture of gases.

Partial pressure

100

Total pressure of all gases is __ (mm Hg) and __% of mixture is Oxygen or __ mm Hg.

760, 21, 160