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Environmental Science: BIOGEO CYCLES

Environmental Science: BIOGEO CYCLES
53問 • 2年前
  • JORNALA, David Christian - HRDM 1-2 B. Jornala
    • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    something such as oil, coal, or the sun, which can be used to provide power for light, heat, machines, etc: A source from which useful energy can be extracted or recovered either directly or by means of a conversion or transformation process (e.g. solid fuels, liquid fuels, solar energy, biomass, etc.)

    Energy Source

  • 2

    - Extracted from the Earth in gas, liquid, or solid form. - Sources that will at some point run out finite. - Took hundreds of millions of years to form, and once consumed it will take hundreds of millions of years to be replaced or replenished.

    Non-Renewable Energy

  • 3

     Takes millions of years to produce.  Formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years

    Coal

  • 4

    _______products are from fossil fuels that are formed from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

    Oil and Petroleum

  • 5

    Formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years

    Natural Gas

  • 6

    _______ is a heavy metal that has been used as an abundant source of concentrated energy for over60 years.

    Uranium (nuclear)

  • 7

    - Produced from sources that do not deplete or can be replenished within a human’s lifetime. - Sustainable - Most are also clear – They do not require combustion which releases pollutants and greenhouse gases

    Renewable Energy

  • 8

    -Comes from harvesting plant or animal material. - Even though these sources areu sed up during processing, they are classified as renewable because photosynthesis cycles the CO2 back into new crops.

    Biomass

  • 9

    - Heat that comes from deep within the earth’s surface. - Carried to the surface of the earth by water or steam and can be used as clean energy if located close to regions that are strongly affected by movement of Earth’s tectonic plate

    Geothermal Energy

  • 10

    - Also called wind power. - Refers to the process of creating electricity using the wind, or air flows that occur naturally in the earth’s atmosphere. - Modern wind turbines are used to capture kinetic energy from the wind and generate electricity.

    Wind Energy

  • 11

    - Energy harvested from flowing water. - It is one of the first sources used for electricity generation.

    Hydropower Energy

  • 12

    - Sun is the ultimate source for all energy sources and has been producing energy for billions of years. - Does not produce pollution or greenhouse gases.

    Solar Energy

  • 13

    - All matter cycles... it is neither created nor destroyed... - As the Earth is essentially a closed system with respect to matter, we can say that all matter on Earth cycles - _________ the movement (or cycling) of matter through a system – by matter we mean: elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) or molecules (water) - Are the pathways by which essential elements move through the living and nonliving components of Earth's ecosystems. - They are essential for life, providing the nutrients that plants and animals need to survive and reproduce.

    Biogeochemical Cycles

  • 14

    required in relatively large amounts

    macronutrients

  • 15

    required in very small amounts (but still necessary)

    Micronutrients

  • 16

    __________ involve the movement of elements between the atmosphere and the living and nonliving components of the Earth (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and oxygen cycle).

    Gaseous Cycles

  • 17

    ____________ involve the movement of elements between the rocks and the living and nonliving components of the Earth (phosphorus cycle and sulfur cycle).

    Sedimentary Cycles

  • 18

    The ________ is a special case, as it involves the movement of water between all of the Earth's spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere).

    Water Cycle

  • 19

    Water at the surface (oceans, lakes, rivers, and soils) turns into water vapors; water moves from hydrosphere to atmosphere

    Evaporation

  • 20

    Liquid water is turned into water vapor by the plants; water is moved out of leaves through stomata as water vapor

    Transpiration

  • 21

    Water vapors cool and change into very tiny particles of ice/water droplets; form clouds and fogs in the sky

    Condensation

  • 22

    Water falls from the clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

    Precipitation

  • 23

    Water soaks into the ground or moves deep into the soil

    Infiltration

  • 24

    Water that does not infiltrate the ground flows over the surface as _______

    Runoff

  • 25

    Water that infiltrates the ground moves through the soil and rocks as groundwater

    Groundwater flow

  • 26

    Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce food (glucose) and oxygen.

    Photosynthesis

  • 27

    Plants and animals use oxygen to break down food and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

    Cellular Respiration

  • 28

    When plants and animals respire or die, their bodies are decomposed by bacteria and fungi, which release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

    Decomposition

  • 29

    Over millions of years, buried dead organisms can be compressed and turned into fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. When fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

    Combustion

  • 30

    _______ enters the biosphere during photosynthesis

    Carbon

  • 31

    CO2 + H2O (carbon dioxide+ water)---> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O (sugar + oxygen + water)

    Photosynthesis

  • 32

    O2 + H2O + C6H12O6 ---> CO2 + H2O + energy

    Respiration

  • 33

    Carbon is returned to the biosphere in cellular _______

    Respiration

  • 34

    Carbon (C) enters the biosphere during ___________

    Photosynthesis

  • 35

    Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce food (glucose) and oxygen.

    Photosynthesis

  • 36

    Plants and animals use oxygen to break down food and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

    Respiration

  • 37

    When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed by bacteria and fungi, which release oxygen back into the atmosphere.

    Decomposition

  • 38

    Oxygen can also be released from the atmosphere through __________, such as volcanic eruptions and the weathering of rocks.

    Geologic processes

  • 39

    ____________ are independent of each other but are very closely connected as well as interdependent on each other.

    Carbon and Oxygen Cycle

  • 40

    Nitrogen is converted to form ammonia; by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

    Nitrogen fixation

  • 41

    which is highly toxic to many

    Ammonia

  • 42

    is converted into nitrite, and then into nitrate; by the nitrifying bacteria

    organisms

  • 43

    Plants absorb nitrates from the soil and use them to build proteins and other organic molecules.

    Assimilation

  • 44

    When plants and animals die, or when animals emit wastes, the nitrogen in the organic matter reenters the soil where it is broken down by decomposers. This decomposition produces ammonia.

    Ammonification

  • 45

    Nitrate is converted back to gaseous nitrogen; by denitrifying bacteria

    Denitrification

  • 46

    Phosphorus is released from rocks through ______

    Weathering

  • 47

    Plants absorb phosphorus from the soil.

    Uptake

  • 48

    Animals eat plants and absorb phosphorus from them.

    Consumption

  • 49

    When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed and phosphorus is released back into the soil.

    Decomposition

  • 50

    Phosphorus can also be lost from the soil through _______

    Runoff

  • 51

    Phosphates accumulate in sediment and can become part of new rocks

    Sedimentation

  • 52

    When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed, and sulfur is returned to the soil in the form of hydrogen sulfide

    Decomposition

  • 53

    Sulfur can also be released into the atmosphere through __________.

    Volcanic Eruptions

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    something such as oil, coal, or the sun, which can be used to provide power for light, heat, machines, etc: A source from which useful energy can be extracted or recovered either directly or by means of a conversion or transformation process (e.g. solid fuels, liquid fuels, solar energy, biomass, etc.)

    Energy Source

  • 2

    - Extracted from the Earth in gas, liquid, or solid form. - Sources that will at some point run out finite. - Took hundreds of millions of years to form, and once consumed it will take hundreds of millions of years to be replaced or replenished.

    Non-Renewable Energy

  • 3

     Takes millions of years to produce.  Formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years

    Coal

  • 4

    _______products are from fossil fuels that are formed from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago

    Oil and Petroleum

  • 5

    Formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years

    Natural Gas

  • 6

    _______ is a heavy metal that has been used as an abundant source of concentrated energy for over60 years.

    Uranium (nuclear)

  • 7

    - Produced from sources that do not deplete or can be replenished within a human’s lifetime. - Sustainable - Most are also clear – They do not require combustion which releases pollutants and greenhouse gases

    Renewable Energy

  • 8

    -Comes from harvesting plant or animal material. - Even though these sources areu sed up during processing, they are classified as renewable because photosynthesis cycles the CO2 back into new crops.

    Biomass

  • 9

    - Heat that comes from deep within the earth’s surface. - Carried to the surface of the earth by water or steam and can be used as clean energy if located close to regions that are strongly affected by movement of Earth’s tectonic plate

    Geothermal Energy

  • 10

    - Also called wind power. - Refers to the process of creating electricity using the wind, or air flows that occur naturally in the earth’s atmosphere. - Modern wind turbines are used to capture kinetic energy from the wind and generate electricity.

    Wind Energy

  • 11

    - Energy harvested from flowing water. - It is one of the first sources used for electricity generation.

    Hydropower Energy

  • 12

    - Sun is the ultimate source for all energy sources and has been producing energy for billions of years. - Does not produce pollution or greenhouse gases.

    Solar Energy

  • 13

    - All matter cycles... it is neither created nor destroyed... - As the Earth is essentially a closed system with respect to matter, we can say that all matter on Earth cycles - _________ the movement (or cycling) of matter through a system – by matter we mean: elements (carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) or molecules (water) - Are the pathways by which essential elements move through the living and nonliving components of Earth's ecosystems. - They are essential for life, providing the nutrients that plants and animals need to survive and reproduce.

    Biogeochemical Cycles

  • 14

    required in relatively large amounts

    macronutrients

  • 15

    required in very small amounts (but still necessary)

    Micronutrients

  • 16

    __________ involve the movement of elements between the atmosphere and the living and nonliving components of the Earth (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and oxygen cycle).

    Gaseous Cycles

  • 17

    ____________ involve the movement of elements between the rocks and the living and nonliving components of the Earth (phosphorus cycle and sulfur cycle).

    Sedimentary Cycles

  • 18

    The ________ is a special case, as it involves the movement of water between all of the Earth's spheres (atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere).

    Water Cycle

  • 19

    Water at the surface (oceans, lakes, rivers, and soils) turns into water vapors; water moves from hydrosphere to atmosphere

    Evaporation

  • 20

    Liquid water is turned into water vapor by the plants; water is moved out of leaves through stomata as water vapor

    Transpiration

  • 21

    Water vapors cool and change into very tiny particles of ice/water droplets; form clouds and fogs in the sky

    Condensation

  • 22

    Water falls from the clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

    Precipitation

  • 23

    Water soaks into the ground or moves deep into the soil

    Infiltration

  • 24

    Water that does not infiltrate the ground flows over the surface as _______

    Runoff

  • 25

    Water that infiltrates the ground moves through the soil and rocks as groundwater

    Groundwater flow

  • 26

    Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce food (glucose) and oxygen.

    Photosynthesis

  • 27

    Plants and animals use oxygen to break down food and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

    Cellular Respiration

  • 28

    When plants and animals respire or die, their bodies are decomposed by bacteria and fungi, which release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

    Decomposition

  • 29

    Over millions of years, buried dead organisms can be compressed and turned into fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas. When fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere.

    Combustion

  • 30

    _______ enters the biosphere during photosynthesis

    Carbon

  • 31

    CO2 + H2O (carbon dioxide+ water)---> C6H12O6 + O2 + H2O (sugar + oxygen + water)

    Photosynthesis

  • 32

    O2 + H2O + C6H12O6 ---> CO2 + H2O + energy

    Respiration

  • 33

    Carbon is returned to the biosphere in cellular _______

    Respiration

  • 34

    Carbon (C) enters the biosphere during ___________

    Photosynthesis

  • 35

    Plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to produce food (glucose) and oxygen.

    Photosynthesis

  • 36

    Plants and animals use oxygen to break down food and release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere.

    Respiration

  • 37

    When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed by bacteria and fungi, which release oxygen back into the atmosphere.

    Decomposition

  • 38

    Oxygen can also be released from the atmosphere through __________, such as volcanic eruptions and the weathering of rocks.

    Geologic processes

  • 39

    ____________ are independent of each other but are very closely connected as well as interdependent on each other.

    Carbon and Oxygen Cycle

  • 40

    Nitrogen is converted to form ammonia; by nitrogen-fixing bacteria

    Nitrogen fixation

  • 41

    which is highly toxic to many

    Ammonia

  • 42

    is converted into nitrite, and then into nitrate; by the nitrifying bacteria

    organisms

  • 43

    Plants absorb nitrates from the soil and use them to build proteins and other organic molecules.

    Assimilation

  • 44

    When plants and animals die, or when animals emit wastes, the nitrogen in the organic matter reenters the soil where it is broken down by decomposers. This decomposition produces ammonia.

    Ammonification

  • 45

    Nitrate is converted back to gaseous nitrogen; by denitrifying bacteria

    Denitrification

  • 46

    Phosphorus is released from rocks through ______

    Weathering

  • 47

    Plants absorb phosphorus from the soil.

    Uptake

  • 48

    Animals eat plants and absorb phosphorus from them.

    Consumption

  • 49

    When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed and phosphorus is released back into the soil.

    Decomposition

  • 50

    Phosphorus can also be lost from the soil through _______

    Runoff

  • 51

    Phosphates accumulate in sediment and can become part of new rocks

    Sedimentation

  • 52

    When plants and animals die, their bodies are decomposed, and sulfur is returned to the soil in the form of hydrogen sulfide

    Decomposition

  • 53

    Sulfur can also be released into the atmosphere through __________.

    Volcanic Eruptions