A&P Midterm

92問 • 2年前

問題一覧

study of structure of the body

anatomy

study of body function

physiology

organ system that consists of hair, skin, nails. responsible for protection, temp regulation, water retention, and sensation

integementary

the heart is located in the mediastinum which is part of what cavity

thoracic

the smallest living unit that make up the body’s structures are

cells

the state of dynamic equilibrium of the internal environment of the body is known as

homeostatis

why do atoms lose, gain, or share electrons

to obtain stability

**** energy is the energy stored in the bonds between molecules, while **** energy is energy in motion

potential; kinetic

two atoms share their electrons to fill their outer shell

covalent bond

which compound is the body’s main energy source

carbs

The body often relies this process in order to achieve or maintain a state of hemostasis

negative feedback

Acidity or alkalinity is determined using the

pH scale

the human body is organized in a hierarchy, from very **** to very ****

simple; complex

a cells shape or form is determined by its

function

which organ system supplies the body with immune cells?

lymphatic

the gel-like substance that surronds the nucleus of the cell and contains organelles is called the

cytoplasm

These organelles are sometimes known as the cells "powerhouses:"

mitochondria

a cells genetic information is contained in the

nucleus

these organelles, located on the surface of the rough ER are responsible for synthesizing proteins

ribosomes

This process, which takes place inside the nucleus of the cell, occurs when the information on a strand of DNA is copied onto a new molecule of messenger RNA.

transcription

the plasma membrane is made up if

a double layer of phospholipid with cholesterol and proteins embedded at various spots

water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis

osmotic pressure

what is a human microbiome

the community of microbes living within healthy people

which of the following is the most common way that a persons microbiome becomes disrupted

antibiotic use

microorganisms known to cause disease are called

pathogen

to reproduce, viruses:

hijack a host cells machinery, making it reproduct viral DNA instead of its own

the process by which particulars are pumped from and area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by an energy-consuming structure in the plasma membrane is called

active transport

which cells can develops into many different cell types

stem cells

What characteristic distinguishes connective tissue from other types of tissue?

extra cellular matrix

This type of tissue repair involves damaged tissue cells being replaced with the same type of cells; it results in functional new tissue.

regeneration

Which tissue is the most widespread and varied of all the tissues?

connective

What makes up the extracellular matrix of blood?

plasma

How does the epidermis receive oxygen and nutrients?

It receives oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from the dermis.

How does the skin help regulate body temperature?

Nerves in the dermis cause blood vessels to dilate or constrict to regulate heat loss.

Which structure causes the hair to “stand on end”?

Arrector Pilli

This single, long nerve fiber extends from the the neuron and transmits nerve signals to other cells:

axon

Clubbing of the nails is often a sign of (a)

lung disease

The visible portion of the nail is the:

nail body

A burn that involves only the epidermis is classified as

first degree

Which statement about melanin is accurate?

Melanin forms a cap over the nucleus which protects it from UV exposure.

Which statement best explains why the stratum corneum resists abrasions?

It consists of many layers of highly keratinized cells

Why are some full-thickness burns not painful initially?

Full-thickness burns destroy nerve endings in the dermis, which prevents sensory input from reaching the brain.

This is the most common type of skin cancer; it seldom metastasizes so it is the least dangerous.

basal cell carcinoma

Which classification of bone protects organs or provides a large surface area for the attachment of muscles?

flat bones

The central, shaftlike portion of a long bone is called the

diaphysis

Which type of bone cell helps build, or deposit, new bone, specifically the bone’s matrix?

osteoblasts

Which type of fracture is most likely to occur in a car accident?

Comminuted fracture

The medullary cavity in most adults is filled with

yellow bone marrow

The adult human skeleton typically contains how many bones?

206

Which ribs attach directly to the sternum?

the first 7 ribs

Trabeculae are arranged in such a way so as to

strength bone

The large opening in the base of the skull, through which the spinal cord passes, is called the

foramen magnum

which type of joints are the suture joints of the skull?

fibrous joints

the pubis which is formed at the articulation of the two pubic bones is an example of what joint

cartilaginous joint

the most numerous and versatile joints are

synovial joint

what is the sheet of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity of shnovial joints?

joint capsule

joint with widest range of motion

ball and socket

the rotator cuff provides protection to the shoulder joint in every direction except for

inferior

the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body is

abduction

which joint is most likely to be dislocated

shoulder

what joint has a medial and lateral meniscus

knee

which features of synovial joints are credited with providing friction-free movement?

synovial fluid, articular cartilage

an extreme extension of a joint beyond its normally straight position is called

hyperextension

which of the following describes skeletal muscle?

voluntary

what is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole

epimysium

besides ATP muscle contraction requires

calcium

which factor influences the strength with which a muscle fiber contracts?

the length of the muscle fiber before contraction occurs

if pulses can reach a muscle fiber so rapidly that fibers don’t have a chance to relax completely before the next impulse arrives, what condition will occur?

incomplete tetanus

the phenomenon is which each successive twitch contracts more forcefully than the previous one is known as

treppe

a skeletal muscle cell is called a

muscle fiber

what is the chief function of transverse tubules ( T - tubules )

they allow electrical impulses to travel deep into the cell

when at rest muscles receive their fuel from this source

aerobic breakdown of glucose

the end of the muscle that attaches to the more stationary bone is called

orgin

the midsection of a muscle is called

belly

one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates are known as

motor unit

the main muscle which triggers a specific movement is known as

prime mover

in this type of attachment the epimysium extends pasts the muscle as a tendon. the tendon then merges with the periostu

indirect attachment

used to keep bacteria from drying out

capsule

What are the four categories of tissue?

Nervous, connective, muscular, and epithelial

which statement is true about epithelial tissue?

it has no blood supply

which phrase describes collagenous figers

strong and flexible

what cells support and protect neurons

neuroglia

types of muscle tissue include

smooth, cardiac, skeletal

soon after conception, the cells of the fertilized egg organize into three layers

endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

which type of bone is primarily responsible for dissolving unwanted or unhealthy bone

osteoclast

which substance forms bulk of plasma memvrane

phospholipids

exocrine glands secret substances into ducts which empty into body’s surfaces or a body while endocrine glands secrete substances into the bloodstream

endocrine vs exocrine

which statement best explains why the stratum corneum resists abrasions

many layers of highly keratinized cell

connective tissue that binds to underlying tissue

hypodermis

widespread throughout the body and produce sweat

eccrine gland

what makes bone unique from connective tissue

matrix is hard and calcified

two facial bones in cheek

zygomatic

Anatomy test 1

Zoey · 89問 · 2年前

Anatomy test 1