respiratory part 2

apex- lung is superior and extends slightly above the clavicles, base- rests on the diaphragm

makes the left lung 10% smaller than the right lung

right lung- oblique and horizontal fissure (3 lobes), left lung- oblique fissure (2 lobes)

segment of lung tissue that each segmental bronchus supplies

terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar saccules, pulmonary alveoli

type l- allow for exchange of gases with the pulmonary capillaries, type ll- secrete a substance called surfactant that prevents collapse of the alveoli during exhalation

bronchiole, alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli

extending from alveolar air space to blood plasma

alveolar wall, epithelial basement membrane, capillary basement membrane, capillary endothelium

high to low

volume and pressure are inversely related

increases, decreases

mixture of gases is directly proportional to the percentage of that gas in the total mixture, Ptotal= P1+P2+P3

deals with gases and solutions, increasing the partial pressure of a gas “over” a solution will result in more of the gas dissolving into the solution

higher

“breathing” is process of inhaling (inflow) and exhalation (outflow) of air and involves exchange of air between atmosphere and alveoli of lungs

exchange of gases between alveoli of lungs and blood in pulmonary capillaries across respiratory membrane

exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue cells Blood loses O2 and gains CO2 Within cells, metabolic reactions that consume O2 and give off CO2 during production of ATP are termed cellular respiration

diaphragm, intercostal muscles

diaphragm, external intercostals muscles

scalenes, sternocleidomastoid

abdominal, internal intercostals

normal pattern of quiet breathing, can consist of shallow, deep, or both breathing

pattern of shallow (chest) breathing consists of an upward and outward movement of chest due to contraction of external intercostal muscles

pattern of deep (abdominal) breathing consists of outward movement of abdomen due to contraction and descent of diaphragm

12

volume of one breath (500 mL) inhaled

number of breaths a person takes per minute

total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute

conducting zone

instead of 500 mL, only 350 mL will exchange at gases in alveoli