chapter 13

infection, genetics, environmental causes, abnormal immune response

a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate host defenses, enter tissue, and multiply

signs- evidence of disease seen by somebody, symptoms- evidence only the patient can feel

body temp (normally 37c or 98.6F), heart rate (normal 60-100 beats per minute), breathing rate (normally 12-18 breathes per minute), blood pressure (normal between 90/60 and 120/80-mmHg)

signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease

spread from person to person

easily spread from person to person

disease caused by a pathogen

contracted by a medical procedure

acquired in hospital

infectious disease transmitted from animals to humans

not spread from one person to another

incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

disease takes place over a short period of time

pathogen remains dormant for a long time

one type of pathogen causes a specific disease

the ability of a microbe to cause disease

the degree to which an organism is pathogenic

lead to a disease and can cause multi-organ failure in healthy individuals

number of pathogens cells required to cause infection in 50% if injected animals

cause disease regardless of the persons immune system

cause disease when the hosts defenses are compromised or when they grow in part of the body that is not normal to them

exposure, colonization, invasion, infection

microbes that engage in mutual or commensal associations with human belongs

respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary

a localized pathogen, or its toxins, spread to a second location

the infection spreads throughout the body

the skin, the respiratory, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts

cause or origin of a disease or a specific condition

studies geographical distribution of infectious disease, how disease is transmitted and maintained in the population, the goal of recognizing and controlling outbreaks

number of people afflicted with a certain disease

total number of existing cases with respect to the entire population usually represented by a percentage of the population

the number of new cases in a period of times

percentage of the population that has died from a disease or the number of deaths per 100,000

diseases constantly present in a population in a particular geographic region

a larger than normal number of cases within a Geograpic region

epidemic across continents

carries the pathogen and can transmit it but carrier is not infected (gloves, clothes)

infected individual who can transmit the disease to others (may show symptoms later)

shows no symptoms

the infectious pathogen is transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding (example syphilis)

infection is passed by touching objects (fomites) contaminated by infected person

infection is passed by water, food, and air

transmission by vector (an animal such as a fly) that carries a pathogen from one host to another without animal being infected itself