intracellular fluid- all fluid contained inside cells, and comprises 2/3 of all body fluids, extracellular fluid- all fluid outside the confines of the plasma membranes that contain all intracellular contents * 1/3 of all body fluid is contained in the extracellular compartment

45% solids, 55% fluids

40% solids, 60% fluids

2/3 intracellular fluid, 1/3 extra cellularfluid

80% interstitial fluid, 20% blood plasma

plasma membrane of individual cells, blood vessel walls

low sodium content (water content is too high)

GI tract (100 mL), lungs (300 mL), skin (600 mL), kidneys (1500 mL)

metabolic water (200 mL), ingested foods (700 mL), ingested liquids (1600 mL)

yes

decreases

stimulates kidneys to release renin, promotes formation of angiotensin ll, increase blood osmolarity

hypothalamus

water loss and intake

atrial natriuretic peptide hormone

extracellular fluid- cation is Na+ and anion is Cl-, intracellular fluid- cation is K+ and anions are proteins and phosphates

chloride

bicarbonate

parathyroid hormone , calcitonin

Proteins composed of amino acids and contain at least one carboxyl groups (-COOH) and at least one amino group (NH2)

Free carboxyl group acts like an acid by releasing H+ when pH rises (alkaline conditions) , Free amino group at other end can act as a base by combining with H+ when pH falls (acidic conditions)

acidosis- below 7.35, alkalosis- above 7.45

occurs whenever too much CO2 is lost (PCO2 falls below 35 mmHg)

occurs whenever non-respiratory acids are lost

is characterized by a decreased bicarbonate level and decreased pH

abnormally high PCO2 in systemic arterial blood (above 45 mmHg)

hypoventilation- bring pH into normal range , hyperventilation- losing too much CO2