urinary system part 1

23問 • 1年前

問題一覧

where are the kidneys located ?

located just above the waist between the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen

what are the 3 layers of tissue that surround the kidney and define them

renal capsule- smooth transparent sheet of dense irregular CT and deepest layer that serves as a barrier against trauma, adipose capsule- mass of fatty tissue surrounding renal capsule, middle layer that holds it firmly in place within abdominal cavity, renal fascia- thin layer of dense irregular CT, anchors kidney to surrounding structures and to abdominal wall, superficial layer

what is the pathway for urine drainage ?

collecting duct, papillary duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder

what structures make up the parenchyma of the kidney ?

renal cortex and renal pyramids of renal medulla

what is the main function of the cortex?

filter to form urine

what is the main function of the medulla ?

collect and excrete urine

renal medulla consists of several renal pyramids that contain what ?

secreting apparatus and tubules of nephrons

what is the renal papilla ?

location where the medullary pyramids empty urine into cuplike structures called minor and major calyces

what are major calyces ?

large branches of renal pelvis

once filtrate enters calyces it becomes what ?

urine

what is the blood flow through the kidney ?

what 2 components make up the renal corpuscle ?

glomerulus (capillary network), glomerular capsule (bowman)

describe the bowman’s capsule

visceral layer- modified simple squamous epithelial cells called podocytes, foot like projections of these cells (pedicels) wrap around the single layer of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries, parietal layer- simple squamous epithelium and forms the outer wall of the capsule, fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries enters bowman’s capsule

how does filtrate flow through the nephron

enters the bowman’s capsule where it is filtered by the glomerulus, then it flows to the proximal convoluted tubule where it is reabsorped and modified, then it flows into the loop of henle, then flows into the distal convoluted tubule

which nephron makes up 80-85% of nephrons

cortical nephrons

which one makes up 15-20% of nephrons

juxtamedullary nephrons

where is the renal corpuscle located in each type ?

cortical nephrons- outer portion of the cortex and high in cortex, juxtamedlluary nephrons- deep in the cortex

which type of nephron has a long hoop of henle vs a short loop of henle ?

cortical nephrons- short loops of henle, juxtamedullary nephrons- long loops of henle

how are the ascending limbs of their loops of henle ?

cortical nephrons- thick segment, juxtamedullary nephrons- thin and thick segment

describe macula densa

columnar tubule cells are clumped together

describe juxtaglomerular cells

wall of afferent arterioles contains smooth muscle fibers

describe juxtaglomerular apparatus

macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells

what does the apparatus regulate ?

blood pressure/volume

lymphatic system part 2

ユーザ名非公開 · 29問 · 1年前

lymphatic system part 2