chapter 28 reproductive system part 2

suspensory ligaments- pelvic wall attachment, ovarian ligament- provides an attachment to the side wall of the uterus, broad ligament- major support for uterus, folds on peritoneum attaching the uterus to either side of the pelvic cavity, uterosacral ligament- extends from the cervix to the posterior pelvic wall and helps stabilize the uterus in the pelvic cavity

fold if parietal peritoneum attaches to ovaries by double layered fold of peritoneum

germinal epithelium- layer of simple epithelium that covers surface of ovary, tunica albuginea- dense irregular CT located deep to germinal epithelium, ovarian cortex- deep to tunica albuginea, ovarian follicles- in cortex and consists of oocytes in various stages of development, mature follicle (graafian follicle)- large fluid filled follicle that is ready to rupture and expel its secondary oocyte, corpus luteum- contains remnants of mature follicle after ovulation

migrate from yolk sac to the ovaries where they differentiate into oogonia

zona pellucida- clear glycoprotein layer between oocyte and granulosa cells, corona radiata- layer of cells that surrounds the oocyte in the ovary

primordial follicle- further grow and develops into primary follicles, primary follicles- consists of primary oocyte surrounded by granulosa cells and as it grows it forms a clear glycoprotein layer called zona pellucida between oocyte and granulosa cells, secondary follicles- look very similar to primary follicles except that they are larger and more follicular cells and an antrum begins to form; granulosa cells begin to secrete follicular fluid that builds up in antrum, Graafian follicle- diploid primary oocyte completes meiosis l, producing 2 haploid cells of unequal size, each with 23 chromosomes

contains remnants of mature follicle after ovulation

progesterone, estrogens, relaxin, inhibin

to prepare the uterus for possible pregnancy

production of ovum

prophase 1

primary oocytes

1 secondary oocyte, 1-3 polar bodies

secondary oocyte

metaphase 2

ovum and 3 polar bodies

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

perimetrium- outer layer (simple squamous epithelium and Areolar CT), myometrium- 3 layers of smooth muscle, endometrium- inner layer (2 layers) and is highly vascularized

stratum functionalis- lines uterine cavity and sloughs off during menstruation, stratum basalis- deepest layer that is permanent and gives rise to new stratum functionalis after menstruation

endometrium- sheds, basal layer- replenishes shed

mucosa- continuous with uterus, nonkeratinized stratified squamous, muscularis- composed of outer circular layer and inner longitudinal layer of smooth muscle that can stretch, adventitia- superficial layer that consists of Areolar CT, anchors vagina to adjacent organs

prolactin- anterior pituitary gland stimulates milk production, oxytocin- ejection of milk which is released from posterior pituitary gland

alveoli, secondary duct, mammary duct, lactiferous sinus, lactiferous duct