lecture exam 2

any substance that can be applied to human tissue to reduce sepsis (mouth wash)

any method that gets rid of pathogenic organisms to prevent patient from getting an infection

systemic inflammation due to an infection that leads to fever, elevated heart and respiratory rates that lead to shock and death

removing microorganisms with soap/antiseptics

inactivation of microbes on surface with a chemical or heat (natural: vinegar; chemical; bleach)

increasing temperature for a short time to partially kill microorganisms (milk)

any method that keeps surfaces clean (cleaning bathroom, washing sheets)

fungicidal: kills fungi, fungistatic: prevents growth

cell wall- becomes fragile and cell lyses (some antimicrobial drugs, detergents, and alcohol, cell membrane- loses integrity (surfactants), protein and nucleic acid synthesis- prevention of replication, transcription, translation, peptide bond formation, protein synthesis (chloramphenicol, ultraviolet radiation, formaldehyde, protein function- disrupt or denature proteins (alcohols, phenols, acids, heat)

target only the microorganism but not the patient; have little or no side effects

antibiotic concentration, how body responds to antimicrobials (if it metabolizes quickly)

denatures microbes proteins, including enzymes needed for all metabolic reactions

lyophilization uses vacuum and cold temperature, desiccation uses heat, lyophilization retains better shape and rehydrates faster

cells burst at high osmotic pressure

halophiles

ionizing is more destructive, has more energy and penetrating power, breaks DNA, non-ionizing has less penetrating power, creates mutations but does break DNA

temperature needed to kill all microbes in 10 mins

tells you time needed to kill 90% or microbes

disinfecting chemical that kills pathogens but irritates/damages tissue; thymol and eucalyptol are naturally in some plants

Inactivate essential proteins in microbes but doesn’t target pathogens only (toxic)

iodophor (betadine) is a topical antiseptic used before surgeries

chemical disinfectant

emulsifiers (separate fats)

antiseptics and disinfectants (ethanol, isopropyl alcohol)