chapter 13 vein

54問 • 2年前

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more superficial o drain blood from the posterior head and neck, emptying into the subclavian veins

External jugular vein

 much larger and deeper  drain blood from the brain and the anterior head, face, &neck  join the subclavian veins on each side of the body

Internal jugular vein

the lateral branch into the brachiocephalic veins

Subclavian veins

 join to form the superior vena cava  the medial branch into the superior vena cava

Brachiocephalic veins

the upper arm veins that continue into the axillary region as the axillary veins

Brachial veins

empties into the axillary vein and the basilic vein

Cephalic vein

the medial branch into the subclavian vein

Axillary vein

the superficial vein that empties into the axillary vein

Basilic vein

-connects the cephalic vein or its tributaries with the basilic vein quite prominent on the anterior surface of the upper limb at the level of the elbow, an area called the cubital fossa, and is often used as a site for drawing blood.

Median cubital vein

drain blood from thorax into superior vena cava

Azygos veins

veins that empty into the azygos vein on the right and hemiazygos veins on the left

Intercostal veins

two sets of multiple veins that empty into the azygos

Hemiazygos / accessory hemiazygos

empty into the brachiocephalic veins

Internal thoracic veins

formed from external and internal iliac two branches that fuse to become the inferior vena cava

Common iliac veins

drain the lower limbs

External iliac veins

drain the pelvis

Internal iliac veins

major processing center for substances absorbed by the intestinal tract.

liver

 a vascular system that begins and ends with capillarynetworks  blood is returned to a second set of capillaries before being returned to the heart

Portal system

 begins with capillaries in the viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver  returns blood from the digestive organs to the liver, rather than directly to the heart

Hepatic portal system

formed as the splenic and the superior mesenteric veins join together from the veins of abdominal organs to the liver

Hepatic Portal Vessels Hepatic portal vein

From the spleen and pancreas to the hepatic portal vein

Splenic vein

from the small intestine to the hepatic portal vein

Superior mesenteric vein

from the large intestine, joining the splenic vein to the hepatic portal vein

Inferior mesenteric vein

From the stomach, joining the splenic vein to the hepatic portal vein

Gastroepicloic vein

drain the kidneys

Veins of Abdomen and Pelvis Renal veins

drain the adrenal glands

Suprarenal veins

drain the ovaries in females

Ovarian veins

originates over the dorsal and medial side of the foot and ascends along the medial side of the leg and thigh to empty into the femoral vein

Great saphenous vein

begins over the lateral side of the foot and joins the popliteal vein

Small saphenous vein

drains blood from the knee and empties into the femoral vein

Popliteal vein

drains blood from the thigh and empties into the external iliac vein

Femoral vein

The major forces responsible for moving fluid through the capillary wall

blood pressure and osmosis

The fluid gained by the tissues is removed by

lymphatic system.

Control of Blood Flow in Tissues Mechanisms that control blood flow through tissues are classified as:

1. local control or 2. nervous and hormonal control

The precapillary sphincters are controlled by

metabolic needs of the tissues.

An increase in CO2 or a decrease in pH also causes the

precapillary sphincters to relax

controls blood vessel diameter.

vasomotor center (sympathetic division)

the state of partial constriction of blood vessels.

Vasomotor tone

responsible for routing the flow of blood, except in the capillaries, and for maintaining blood pressure.

nervous system

released by the adrenalmmedulla alter blood vessel diameter.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

activate responses that keep the blood pressure within its normal range

Baroreceptor reflexesBaroreceptor reflexes

located in the carotid sinuses and the aortic arch.

Baroreceptors

sensitive to changes in blood O2, CO2, and pH.

Chemoreceptors

located in the carotid bodies and the aortic bodies.

Chemoreceptors

Stimuli that lead to increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart and blood vessels also cause increased stimulation of the adrenal medulla.

Adrenal Medullary Mechanism

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood

Adrenal medulla

causes increased heart rate and stroke volume and vasoconstriction

Epinephrine

causes vasodilation of blood vessels in skeletal and cardiac muscle

Epinephrine

Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release

renin

acts on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I

renin

Angiotensin-converting enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II Angiotensin II causes

vasoconstriction

Angiotensin II acts on adrenal cortex to release

aldosterone

A peptide hormone called -released primarily from specialized cells of the right atrium in response to elevated blood pressure.

atrial natriuretic hormone

causes the kidneys to promote the loss of Na+ and water in the urine, increasing urine volume.

Atrial natriuretic hormone

chap 3 cell

MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 50問 · 2年前

chap 3 cell