chap 3 cell
問題一覧
1
specialized structures in cells that perform
organelles
2
jelly-like substance that holds organelles
cytoplasm
3
a structure that encloses the cytoplasm
cell membrane
4
Smallest units of life
- Cell metabolism and energy use
- Synthesis of molecules
- Communication
- Reproduction and inheritance
cell
5
the outermost component of a cell.
- It forms a boundary between material in inside the cell and the outside.
cell membrane
6
it is the model used to describe the cell membrane structure.
fluid mosaic model
7
has a polar head region that is hydrophilic and a nonpolar tail region that is hydrophobic.
Phospholipid structure
8
allows only certain substances to pass in and out of the cell.
cell membrane
9
route of transport through the membrane depends on the size, shape, and charge of the substance.
cell membrane passage
10
does not require the cell to expend energy.
it include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated
diffusion.
passive membrane transport
11
does require the cell to expend energy, usually in the form of ATP.
include active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
active membrane transport
12
involves movement of substances in a solution down a concentration gradient.
diffusion
13
is generally composed of two major parts, solutes and the solvent.
solution
14
steeper when the concentration difference is large and/or the distance is small.
concentration gradient
15
depends on the difference of solution concentrations inside a cell relative to outside the cell.
osmotic pressure
16
is the diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.
osmosis
17
may be placed in solutions that are either hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic compared to the cell cytoplasm.
cell
18
solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell
hypotonic
19
A cell immersed in an isotonic solution has the same solute concentrations inside and outside the cell.
isotonic
20
The cytoplasm of a cell in a hypertonic solution has a lower solute concentration and higher
hypertonic
21
uses the energy provided by a concentration gradient established by the active transport of one substance
secondary active transport
22
occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell.
receptor mediated endocytosis
23
is a process that that brings materials into cell using vesicles.
endocytosis
24
used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested.
phagocytosis
25
has much smaller vesicles formed, and they contain liquid rather than solid particles.
pinocytosis
26
involves the use of membrane-bound sacs called secretory vesicles that accumulate materials for release from the cell.
exocytosis
27
large organelle usually located near the center of the cell. bounded by a nuclear envelope, which consists of outer and inner membranes with a narrow space between them.
cell nucleus
28
components are produced in the nucleolus.
organelles where proteins are produced.
ribosomes
29
series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm.
endoplasmic reticulum
30
has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and it stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells.
smooth er
31
consists of closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs.
- It collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER.
golgi apparatus
32
contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems.
lysosomes
33
small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide
peroxisomes
34
responsible for producing considerable amounts of ATP by aerobic (with O2) metabolism.
- They have inner and outer membranes separated by a space.
- The outer membranes have a smooth contour, but the inner membranes have numerous folds, called cristae, which project into the interior of the mitochondria.
mitochondria
35
gives internal framework to the cell.
- It consists of protein structures that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape.
- These protein structures are microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
cytoskeleton
36
structures formed from protein subunits.
microtubules
37
small fibrils formed from protein subunits that structurally support the cytoplasm, determining cell shape.
- in muscle cells enable the cells to shorten, or contract.
microfilaments
38
fibrils formed from protein subunits that are smaller in diameter than microtubules but larger in diameter than microfilaments.
- provide mechanical support to the cell.
intermediate filaments
39
involved in the process of mitosis.
-organazing microtubules that serve as the cells skeletal system
centriole
40
surface of certain cells.
responsible for the movement of materials over the top of cells, such as mucus.
cilia
41
-have a structure similar to that of cilia but are much longer, and they usually occur only one per cell.
- Sperm cells each have one flagellum, which propels the sperm cell.
-assist the cell in movement
flagella
42
specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments.
- They do not actively move as cilia and flagella do.
-numerous on cells that have them and they increase the surface area of those cells.
- They are abundant on the surface of cells that line the intestine, kidney, and other areas in which absorption is an important function.
microvilli
43
involves copying DNA into messenger RNA.
- DNA determines the structure of mRNA
trancription
44
involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein.
- occurs in the cell cytoplasm after mRNA has exited the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
translation
45
involves formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell.
- divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
mitosis
46
the chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes.
prophase
47
the chromosomes align near the center of the cell.
- The movement of the chromosomes is regulated by the attached spindle fibers.
metaphase
48
the chromatids separate and each chromatid is called a chromosome.
anaphase
49
the chromosomes in each of the daughter cells become organized to form two separate nuclei, one in each newly formed daughter cell.
telophase
50
The process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions is called
differentiation
TFN
TFN
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 19問 · 2年前TFN
TFN
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Tfn
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MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 40問 · 1年前Chap 5 micro
Chap 5 micro
40問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
specialized structures in cells that perform
organelles
2
jelly-like substance that holds organelles
cytoplasm
3
a structure that encloses the cytoplasm
cell membrane
4
Smallest units of life
- Cell metabolism and energy use
- Synthesis of molecules
- Communication
- Reproduction and inheritance
cell
5
the outermost component of a cell.
- It forms a boundary between material in inside the cell and the outside.
cell membrane
6
it is the model used to describe the cell membrane structure.
fluid mosaic model
7
has a polar head region that is hydrophilic and a nonpolar tail region that is hydrophobic.
Phospholipid structure
8
allows only certain substances to pass in and out of the cell.
cell membrane
9
route of transport through the membrane depends on the size, shape, and charge of the substance.
cell membrane passage
10
does not require the cell to expend energy.
it include diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated
diffusion.
passive membrane transport
11
does require the cell to expend energy, usually in the form of ATP.
include active transport, secondary active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
active membrane transport
12
involves movement of substances in a solution down a concentration gradient.
diffusion
13
is generally composed of two major parts, solutes and the solvent.
solution
14
steeper when the concentration difference is large and/or the distance is small.
concentration gradient
15
depends on the difference of solution concentrations inside a cell relative to outside the cell.
osmotic pressure
16
is the diffusion of water (a solvent) across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to one of lower water concentration.
osmosis
17
may be placed in solutions that are either hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic compared to the cell cytoplasm.
cell
18
solution has a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water relative to the cytoplasm of the cell
hypotonic
19
A cell immersed in an isotonic solution has the same solute concentrations inside and outside the cell.
isotonic
20
The cytoplasm of a cell in a hypertonic solution has a lower solute concentration and higher
hypertonic
21
uses the energy provided by a concentration gradient established by the active transport of one substance
secondary active transport
22
occurs when a specific substance binds to the receptor molecule and is transported into the cell.
receptor mediated endocytosis
23
is a process that that brings materials into cell using vesicles.
endocytosis
24
used for endocytosis when solid particles are ingested.
phagocytosis
25
has much smaller vesicles formed, and they contain liquid rather than solid particles.
pinocytosis
26
involves the use of membrane-bound sacs called secretory vesicles that accumulate materials for release from the cell.
exocytosis
27
large organelle usually located near the center of the cell. bounded by a nuclear envelope, which consists of outer and inner membranes with a narrow space between them.
cell nucleus
28
components are produced in the nucleolus.
organelles where proteins are produced.
ribosomes
29
series of membranes forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm.
endoplasmic reticulum
30
has no attached ribosomes and is a site for lipid synthesis, cellular detoxification, and it stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle cells.
smooth er
31
consists of closely packed stacks of curved, membrane-bound sacs.
- It collects, modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER.
golgi apparatus
32
contain a variety of enzymes that function as intracellular digestive systems.
lysosomes
33
small, membrane-bound vesicles containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide
peroxisomes
34
responsible for producing considerable amounts of ATP by aerobic (with O2) metabolism.
- They have inner and outer membranes separated by a space.
- The outer membranes have a smooth contour, but the inner membranes have numerous folds, called cristae, which project into the interior of the mitochondria.
mitochondria
35
gives internal framework to the cell.
- It consists of protein structures that support the cell, hold organelles in place, and enable the cell to change shape.
- These protein structures are microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
cytoskeleton
36
structures formed from protein subunits.
microtubules
37
small fibrils formed from protein subunits that structurally support the cytoplasm, determining cell shape.
- in muscle cells enable the cells to shorten, or contract.
microfilaments
38
fibrils formed from protein subunits that are smaller in diameter than microtubules but larger in diameter than microfilaments.
- provide mechanical support to the cell.
intermediate filaments
39
involved in the process of mitosis.
-organazing microtubules that serve as the cells skeletal system
centriole
40
surface of certain cells.
responsible for the movement of materials over the top of cells, such as mucus.
cilia
41
-have a structure similar to that of cilia but are much longer, and they usually occur only one per cell.
- Sperm cells each have one flagellum, which propels the sperm cell.
-assist the cell in movement
flagella
42
specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments.
- They do not actively move as cilia and flagella do.
-numerous on cells that have them and they increase the surface area of those cells.
- They are abundant on the surface of cells that line the intestine, kidney, and other areas in which absorption is an important function.
microvilli
43
involves copying DNA into messenger RNA.
- DNA determines the structure of mRNA
trancription
44
involves messenger RNA being used to produce a protein.
- occurs in the cell cytoplasm after mRNA has exited the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
translation
45
involves formation of 2 daughter cells from a single parent cell.
- divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
mitosis
46
the chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes.
prophase
47
the chromosomes align near the center of the cell.
- The movement of the chromosomes is regulated by the attached spindle fibers.
metaphase
48
the chromatids separate and each chromatid is called a chromosome.
anaphase
49
the chromosomes in each of the daughter cells become organized to form two separate nuclei, one in each newly formed daughter cell.
telophase
50
The process by which cells develop with specialized structures and functions is called
differentiation