Chap 7 muscle
問題一覧
1
- attached to bones
- striated
- voluntarily controlled
Skeletal
2
- located in the heart
- striated
- involuntarily controlled
Cardiac
3
- located in blood vessels, hollow organs
- non-striated
- involuntarily controlled
Smooth
4
the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract
Contractility
5
- the capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus
Excitability
6
- the ability to be stretched beyond it normal resting length and still be able to contract
Extensibility
7
the ability of the muscle to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched
Elasticity
8
a connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle
Epimysium
9
- muscle group subdivisions of skeletal muscles
Fascicles
10
connective tissue covering that surrounds each fascicle
Perimysium
11
connective tissue covering that surrounds each skeletal muscle cell fiber
Endomysium
12
a single cylindrical cell, with several nuclei located at its periphery
Muscle Fiber
13
contain several nuclei that are located at the periphery of the fiber
Skeletal Muscle Fibers
14
has many tubelike inward folds called transverse tubules, or tubules
Sarcolemma (Cell Membrane)
15
- occur at regular intervals along the muscle fiber and extend into the center of the muscle fiber
-connect the sarcolemma to the terminal cisternae to form a muscle triad
T-Tubules
16
plays a major role in muscle contraction
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
17
- cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
- contains many bundles of protein filaments
Sarcoplasm
18
- bundles of protein filaments
- consist of the myofilaments, actin and myosin
Myofibrils
19
the basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle
Sarcomere
20
form a network of protein fibers that both serve as an anchor for actin myofilaments
Z Disks
21
slide past each other, causing the sarcomeres to shorten
Myofilaments
22
light bands that consist only of actin
- extends toward the center of the sarcomere to the ends of the myosin myofilaments
I bands
23
- dark staining bands
- extend the length of the myosin myofilaments
A Bands
24
made up of three components: actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
Actin filaments
25
resemble bundles of tiny golf clubs
Myosin myofilaments, or thick myofilaments
26
the electrical charge difference across the cell membrane of an unstimulated cell
Resting Membrane Potential
27
have a resting membrane potential, but can also perform action potentials
Muscle Cells (fibers)
28
due to the membrane having gated channels
Action Potentials
29
the increase in positive charge inside the cell membrane
Depolarization
30
- a value where the depolarization changes
- an action potential is triggered
Threshold
31
a rapid change in charge across the cell membrane
Action Potential
32
cause for action potential in muscle fibers
muscle contraction
33
Na+ channels close
change back to resting potential
Repolarization
34
- a nerve cell stimulates muscle cells
Motor Neuron
35
a synapse where a the fiber of a nerve connects with a muscle fiber
Neuromuscular Junction
36
refers to the cell-to-cell junction between a nerve cell and either another nerve cell
Synapse
37
a group of muscle fibers that a motor neuron stimulates
Motor Unit
38
the end of a neuron cell axon fiber
Presynaptic Terminal
39
the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane
Synaptic Cleft
40
the muscle fiber membrane (sarcolemma)
Postsynaptic Membrane
41
- a vesicle in the presynaptic terminal that stores and releases neurotransmitter chemicals
Synaptic Vesicle
42
- chemicals that stimulate or inhibit postsynaptic cells
Neurotransmitters
43
the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles
Acetylcholine
44
a single contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a stimulus
- three phases: latent phase, contraction phase, and relaxation phase
Muscle Twitch
45
the time between the application of a stimulus and the beginning of contraction
Latent Phase
46
the time during which the muscle contracts
Contraction Phase
47
the time during which the muscle relaxes
Relaxation Phase
48
- has a blend of types, with one type dominating
- humans have both types of fibers
- the distribution of fibers is genetically determined
muscle
49
very energy-demanding cells whether at rest or during any form of exercise
Muscle Fibers
50
a temporary state of reduced work capacity
fatigue
51
an increase in muscle tension, but no change in length
isometric
52
o a change in muscle length with no
change in tension
isotonic
53
- the constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time
- responsible for keeping the back and legs straight, the head in an upright position, and the abdomen from bulging
Muscle Tone
54
non-striated small, spindle-shaped muscle cells, usually with one nucleus per cell
small muscle
55
ony striated, usebranching, with usually
striated as a result of the sarcomere arrangement
cardiac muscle
56
specialized structures that include desmosomes and gap junctions
intercalated disks
57
connects skeletal muscle to bone
Tendons
58
broad, sheetlike tendons
aponeuroses
59
- band of connective tissue that holds down the tendons at each wrist and ankle
retinaculum
60
the end of the muscle attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement
insertion
61
group of muscles working together
Agonists
62
muscle or group of muscles that oppose muscle actions
Antagonists
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40問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
- attached to bones
- striated
- voluntarily controlled
Skeletal
2
- located in the heart
- striated
- involuntarily controlled
Cardiac
3
- located in blood vessels, hollow organs
- non-striated
- involuntarily controlled
Smooth
4
the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully, or contract
Contractility
5
- the capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus
Excitability
6
- the ability to be stretched beyond it normal resting length and still be able to contract
Extensibility
7
the ability of the muscle to recoil to its original resting length after it has been stretched
Elasticity
8
a connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscle
Epimysium
9
- muscle group subdivisions of skeletal muscles
Fascicles
10
connective tissue covering that surrounds each fascicle
Perimysium
11
connective tissue covering that surrounds each skeletal muscle cell fiber
Endomysium
12
a single cylindrical cell, with several nuclei located at its periphery
Muscle Fiber
13
contain several nuclei that are located at the periphery of the fiber
Skeletal Muscle Fibers
14
has many tubelike inward folds called transverse tubules, or tubules
Sarcolemma (Cell Membrane)
15
- occur at regular intervals along the muscle fiber and extend into the center of the muscle fiber
-connect the sarcolemma to the terminal cisternae to form a muscle triad
T-Tubules
16
plays a major role in muscle contraction
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
17
- cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
- contains many bundles of protein filaments
Sarcoplasm
18
- bundles of protein filaments
- consist of the myofilaments, actin and myosin
Myofibrils
19
the basic structural and functional unit of a skeletal muscle
Sarcomere
20
form a network of protein fibers that both serve as an anchor for actin myofilaments
Z Disks
21
slide past each other, causing the sarcomeres to shorten
Myofilaments
22
light bands that consist only of actin
- extends toward the center of the sarcomere to the ends of the myosin myofilaments
I bands
23
- dark staining bands
- extend the length of the myosin myofilaments
A Bands
24
made up of three components: actin, troponin, and tropomyosin
Actin filaments
25
resemble bundles of tiny golf clubs
Myosin myofilaments, or thick myofilaments
26
the electrical charge difference across the cell membrane of an unstimulated cell
Resting Membrane Potential
27
have a resting membrane potential, but can also perform action potentials
Muscle Cells (fibers)
28
due to the membrane having gated channels
Action Potentials
29
the increase in positive charge inside the cell membrane
Depolarization
30
- a value where the depolarization changes
- an action potential is triggered
Threshold
31
a rapid change in charge across the cell membrane
Action Potential
32
cause for action potential in muscle fibers
muscle contraction
33
Na+ channels close
change back to resting potential
Repolarization
34
- a nerve cell stimulates muscle cells
Motor Neuron
35
a synapse where a the fiber of a nerve connects with a muscle fiber
Neuromuscular Junction
36
refers to the cell-to-cell junction between a nerve cell and either another nerve cell
Synapse
37
a group of muscle fibers that a motor neuron stimulates
Motor Unit
38
the end of a neuron cell axon fiber
Presynaptic Terminal
39
the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane
Synaptic Cleft
40
the muscle fiber membrane (sarcolemma)
Postsynaptic Membrane
41
- a vesicle in the presynaptic terminal that stores and releases neurotransmitter chemicals
Synaptic Vesicle
42
- chemicals that stimulate or inhibit postsynaptic cells
Neurotransmitters
43
the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles
Acetylcholine
44
a single contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a stimulus
- three phases: latent phase, contraction phase, and relaxation phase
Muscle Twitch
45
the time between the application of a stimulus and the beginning of contraction
Latent Phase
46
the time during which the muscle contracts
Contraction Phase
47
the time during which the muscle relaxes
Relaxation Phase
48
- has a blend of types, with one type dominating
- humans have both types of fibers
- the distribution of fibers is genetically determined
muscle
49
very energy-demanding cells whether at rest or during any form of exercise
Muscle Fibers
50
a temporary state of reduced work capacity
fatigue
51
an increase in muscle tension, but no change in length
isometric
52
o a change in muscle length with no
change in tension
isotonic
53
- the constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time
- responsible for keeping the back and legs straight, the head in an upright position, and the abdomen from bulging
Muscle Tone
54
non-striated small, spindle-shaped muscle cells, usually with one nucleus per cell
small muscle
55
ony striated, usebranching, with usually
striated as a result of the sarcomere arrangement
cardiac muscle
56
specialized structures that include desmosomes and gap junctions
intercalated disks
57
connects skeletal muscle to bone
Tendons
58
broad, sheetlike tendons
aponeuroses
59
- band of connective tissue that holds down the tendons at each wrist and ankle
retinaculum
60
the end of the muscle attached to the bone undergoing the greatest movement
insertion
61
group of muscles working together
Agonists
62
muscle or group of muscles that oppose muscle actions
Antagonists