respiratory
問題一覧
1
The respiratory system can alter blood pH by changing blood CO2 levels.
Regulation of blood pH
2
Air movement past the vocal cords makes sound and speech possible
Voice Production
3
The sensation of smell occurs when airborne molecules are drawn into the nasal cavity.
Olfaction
4
The respiratory system protects against some microorganisms and other pathogens
Innate Immunity
5
consists of the external nose and the nasal cavity
Nose
6
most part is composed of mainly of hyaline cartilage, and the bridge consists of bone
External nose
7
extends from the nares to the choanaeits superior part contains the sensory receptors for the sense of smell
Nasal cavity
8
external openings of the nose
Nares or nostrils
9
a partition dividing the nasal cavity into right and left parts.
Nasal septum
10
forms the floor of the nasal cavity, separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity.
Hard palate
11
-three prominent bony ridges found on the lateral walls on each side of the nasal cavity
-increase the surface area of the nasal cavity & cause air to churn
-help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air
Conchae
12
-air-filled spaces within bone & include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses
-open into nasal cavity & are lined with mucous membrane
Paranasal sinuses
13
also open into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal ducts
14
-the first particle filtration system
-just inside the nares; trapping some of the large particles of dust suspended in the air
Nasal hairs
15
dislodges foreign substances from the nasal cavity
Sneeze reflex
16
common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems
pharynx
17
the superior part of the pharynx; joins the nasal cavity through the choanae and contains the opening to the auditory tube and the pharyngeal tonsils
Nasopharynx
18
middle portion of the pharynx; joins the oral cavity and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils
Oropharynx
19
inferior portion of the pharynx; opens into the larynx and the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
20
also called “voicebox”
-a passageway for air between the pharynx & the trachea
Larynx
21
the largest cartilage & shield-shaped; composed of hyaline cartilage; maintains an open passageway for air movement
Thyroid cartilage / Adam’s apple
22
the most inferior cartilage; composed of hyaline cartilage; forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest; maintains an open passageway for air movement
Cricoid cartilage
23
consists of elastic cartilage rather than hyaline cartilage; helps prevent swallowed materials from entering the larynx.
Epiglottis
24
wedge-shaped; the top cartilage on each side
Cuneiform
25
horn-shaped; the middle cartilage
Corniculate
26
ladle-shaped; the bottom cartilage
Arytenoid
27
prevent air, food, and liquids from passing into the larynx
Vestibular folds
28
-primary source of voice production
-vibrate and produce sounds when air passes through the larynx.
Vocal folds
29
changes in the length and tension of the vocal folds determine
pitch
30
an inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the vocal folds; swelling of the vocal folds during laryngitis inhibits voice production.
Laryngitis
31
also called “windpipe” connects the larynx to the main bronchi
Trachea
32
-extend from the trachea to the lungs
-lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and are supported by C-shaped pieces of cartilage
Main Bronchi
33
small air sacs, formed by simple squamous epithelium, and they facilitate diffusion of gases.
Alveoli
34
contraction of the smooth muscle in the terminal bronchioles leads to greatly reduced air flow
Asthma attack
35
-acts as a lubricant, allowing the visceral and parietal pleura to slide past each other as the lungs and thorax change shape during respiration
-helps hold the pleural membranes together
Pleural fluid
36
-deep to the visceral pleura
-drain lymph from the superficial lung tissue and the visceral pleura
Superficial lymphatic vessels
37
-drain lymph from the bronchi and associated connective tissues
-Both the superficial and deep lymphatic vessels exit the lungs at the main bronchi.
Deep lymphatic vessels
38
include the diaphragm and the muscles that elevate the ribs and sternum, such as the external intercostals
Muscles of Inspiration
39
a large dome of skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
40
include internal intercostals, that depress the ribs and sternum
Muscles of Expiration
41
-Diaphragm descends and rib cage expands
o Thoracic cavity volume increases, pressuredecreases
o Atmospheric pressure is greater thanalveolar pressure
o Air moves into alveoli (lungs)
Inspiration
42
o Diaphragm relaxes and rib cage recoils
o Thoracic cavity volume decreases, pressureincreases
o Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
o Air moves out of lungs
expiration
43
o tendency for an expanded lung to decrease insize
o occurs during quiet expiration
o able to occur due to elastic fibers and the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
Lung Recoil
44
o a mixture of lipoproteins produced by secretory cells of the alveolar epithelium
o form a single layer on the surface of the thin fluid layer lining the alveoli, reducing surface tension
o greatly reduces the tendency of the lungs to collapse
Surfactant
45
lungs need to recoil between ventilations decreased by emphysema
Lung elasticity
46
expansion of thoracic cavity. affected if rib cage is damaged
Lung compliance
47
occurs during an asthma attack, infection, tumor
Respiratory passageway resistance
48
the process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system
Spirometry
49
the device that measures respiratory volumes.
Spirometer
50
measures of the amount of air movement during different portions of ventilation
Respiratory volumes
51
sums of two or more respiratory volumes.
Respiratory capacities
52
the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath (about 500 milliliters)
Tidal volume (TV)
53
the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (about 3000 mL)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
54
the amount of air that can be expired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (about 1100 mL)
Expiratory reserve volume
55
volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after maximum expiration (about 1200 mL)
Residual volume
56
the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume. the amount of air a person can inspire maximally after a normal expiration about 3500 mL at rest)
Inspiratory capacity
57
the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, the tidal volume, and the expiratory reserve volume
o the maximum volume of air that a person can expel from the respiratory tract after a maximum inspiration (about 4600 mL)
Vital capacity
58
the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserves and the tidal and residual volumes (about 5800 mL) also equal to the vital capacity plus the residual volume.
Total lung capacity
59
Destruction of alveolar walls; increased coughing increases pressure on the alveoli,
Emphysema
60
usually develops after an injurious event, such as inhaling smoke from a fire or breathing toxic fumes
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
61
Genetic disorder that affects mucus secretions throughout the body due to an abnormal transport protein
Cystic fibrosis
62
Occurs in the epithelium of the respiratory tract; can easily spread to other parts of the body because of the rich blood and lymphatic supply to the
lungs
Lung cancer
63
inflammation of the pharynx and fever
System Strep throat
64
Caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae; a grayish membrane forms in the throat and can completely block respiratory passages
Diphtheria
65
Results from a viral infection
Common cold
66
Caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which destroys cilia lining the respiratory epithelium, allowing mucus to accumulate; leads to a very
severe cough; DPT immunization for children partially targets pertussis
Whooping cough
67
Caused by the bacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosis, whichforms small, lumplike lesions called
tubercles;
Tuberculosis
68
Many bacterial or viral infections of the lungs that cause fever, difficulty in breathing, and chest pain; edema in the lungs reduces their inflation ability
and reduces gas exchange
Pneumonia
69
Viral infection of the respiratory system; causes chills, fever, headache, and muscle aches
flu
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Chap 5 micro
40問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
The respiratory system can alter blood pH by changing blood CO2 levels.
Regulation of blood pH
2
Air movement past the vocal cords makes sound and speech possible
Voice Production
3
The sensation of smell occurs when airborne molecules are drawn into the nasal cavity.
Olfaction
4
The respiratory system protects against some microorganisms and other pathogens
Innate Immunity
5
consists of the external nose and the nasal cavity
Nose
6
most part is composed of mainly of hyaline cartilage, and the bridge consists of bone
External nose
7
extends from the nares to the choanaeits superior part contains the sensory receptors for the sense of smell
Nasal cavity
8
external openings of the nose
Nares or nostrils
9
a partition dividing the nasal cavity into right and left parts.
Nasal septum
10
forms the floor of the nasal cavity, separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity.
Hard palate
11
-three prominent bony ridges found on the lateral walls on each side of the nasal cavity
-increase the surface area of the nasal cavity & cause air to churn
-help in cleaning, humidifying, warming of air
Conchae
12
-air-filled spaces within bone & include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses
-open into nasal cavity & are lined with mucous membrane
Paranasal sinuses
13
also open into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal ducts
14
-the first particle filtration system
-just inside the nares; trapping some of the large particles of dust suspended in the air
Nasal hairs
15
dislodges foreign substances from the nasal cavity
Sneeze reflex
16
common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems
pharynx
17
the superior part of the pharynx; joins the nasal cavity through the choanae and contains the opening to the auditory tube and the pharyngeal tonsils
Nasopharynx
18
middle portion of the pharynx; joins the oral cavity and contains the palatine and lingual tonsils
Oropharynx
19
inferior portion of the pharynx; opens into the larynx and the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
20
also called “voicebox”
-a passageway for air between the pharynx & the trachea
Larynx
21
the largest cartilage & shield-shaped; composed of hyaline cartilage; maintains an open passageway for air movement
Thyroid cartilage / Adam’s apple
22
the most inferior cartilage; composed of hyaline cartilage; forms the base of the larynx on which the other cartilages rest; maintains an open passageway for air movement
Cricoid cartilage
23
consists of elastic cartilage rather than hyaline cartilage; helps prevent swallowed materials from entering the larynx.
Epiglottis
24
wedge-shaped; the top cartilage on each side
Cuneiform
25
horn-shaped; the middle cartilage
Corniculate
26
ladle-shaped; the bottom cartilage
Arytenoid
27
prevent air, food, and liquids from passing into the larynx
Vestibular folds
28
-primary source of voice production
-vibrate and produce sounds when air passes through the larynx.
Vocal folds
29
changes in the length and tension of the vocal folds determine
pitch
30
an inflammation of the mucous epithelium of the vocal folds; swelling of the vocal folds during laryngitis inhibits voice production.
Laryngitis
31
also called “windpipe” connects the larynx to the main bronchi
Trachea
32
-extend from the trachea to the lungs
-lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and are supported by C-shaped pieces of cartilage
Main Bronchi
33
small air sacs, formed by simple squamous epithelium, and they facilitate diffusion of gases.
Alveoli
34
contraction of the smooth muscle in the terminal bronchioles leads to greatly reduced air flow
Asthma attack
35
-acts as a lubricant, allowing the visceral and parietal pleura to slide past each other as the lungs and thorax change shape during respiration
-helps hold the pleural membranes together
Pleural fluid
36
-deep to the visceral pleura
-drain lymph from the superficial lung tissue and the visceral pleura
Superficial lymphatic vessels
37
-drain lymph from the bronchi and associated connective tissues
-Both the superficial and deep lymphatic vessels exit the lungs at the main bronchi.
Deep lymphatic vessels
38
include the diaphragm and the muscles that elevate the ribs and sternum, such as the external intercostals
Muscles of Inspiration
39
a large dome of skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
40
include internal intercostals, that depress the ribs and sternum
Muscles of Expiration
41
-Diaphragm descends and rib cage expands
o Thoracic cavity volume increases, pressuredecreases
o Atmospheric pressure is greater thanalveolar pressure
o Air moves into alveoli (lungs)
Inspiration
42
o Diaphragm relaxes and rib cage recoils
o Thoracic cavity volume decreases, pressureincreases
o Alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure
o Air moves out of lungs
expiration
43
o tendency for an expanded lung to decrease insize
o occurs during quiet expiration
o able to occur due to elastic fibers and the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli.
Lung Recoil
44
o a mixture of lipoproteins produced by secretory cells of the alveolar epithelium
o form a single layer on the surface of the thin fluid layer lining the alveoli, reducing surface tension
o greatly reduces the tendency of the lungs to collapse
Surfactant
45
lungs need to recoil between ventilations decreased by emphysema
Lung elasticity
46
expansion of thoracic cavity. affected if rib cage is damaged
Lung compliance
47
occurs during an asthma attack, infection, tumor
Respiratory passageway resistance
48
the process of measuring volumes of air that move into and out of the respiratory system
Spirometry
49
the device that measures respiratory volumes.
Spirometer
50
measures of the amount of air movement during different portions of ventilation
Respiratory volumes
51
sums of two or more respiratory volumes.
Respiratory capacities
52
the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath (about 500 milliliters)
Tidal volume (TV)
53
the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (about 3000 mL)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
54
the amount of air that can be expired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (about 1100 mL)
Expiratory reserve volume
55
volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after maximum expiration (about 1200 mL)
Residual volume
56
the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume. the amount of air a person can inspire maximally after a normal expiration about 3500 mL at rest)
Inspiratory capacity
57
the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume, the tidal volume, and the expiratory reserve volume
o the maximum volume of air that a person can expel from the respiratory tract after a maximum inspiration (about 4600 mL)
Vital capacity
58
the sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserves and the tidal and residual volumes (about 5800 mL) also equal to the vital capacity plus the residual volume.
Total lung capacity
59
Destruction of alveolar walls; increased coughing increases pressure on the alveoli,
Emphysema
60
usually develops after an injurious event, such as inhaling smoke from a fire or breathing toxic fumes
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
61
Genetic disorder that affects mucus secretions throughout the body due to an abnormal transport protein
Cystic fibrosis
62
Occurs in the epithelium of the respiratory tract; can easily spread to other parts of the body because of the rich blood and lymphatic supply to the
lungs
Lung cancer
63
inflammation of the pharynx and fever
System Strep throat
64
Caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae; a grayish membrane forms in the throat and can completely block respiratory passages
Diphtheria
65
Results from a viral infection
Common cold
66
Caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which destroys cilia lining the respiratory epithelium, allowing mucus to accumulate; leads to a very
severe cough; DPT immunization for children partially targets pertussis
Whooping cough
67
Caused by the bacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosis, whichforms small, lumplike lesions called
tubercles;
Tuberculosis
68
Many bacterial or viral infections of the lungs that cause fever, difficulty in breathing, and chest pain; edema in the lungs reduces their inflation ability
and reduces gas exchange
Pneumonia
69
Viral infection of the respiratory system; causes chills, fever, headache, and muscle aches
flu