TFN

19問 • 2年前

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defined nursing in her “Environmental Theory” as “the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery.”

1860, Florence Nightingale

introduced her Theory of Interpersonal Relations that puts emphasis on the nurse- client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice.

1952, Hildegard Peplau

conceptualized the nurse’s role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs

1955, Virginia Henderson

“Typology of 21 Nursing Problems” that shifted the focus of nursing from a disease- centered approach to a patient-centered approach.

1960, Faye Abdellah

“Deliberative Nursing Process Theory” emphasized the reciprocal relationship between patient and nurse and viewed the professional function of nursing as finding out and meeting the patient’s immediate need for help.

1962, Ida Jean Orlando

pioneered the Behavioral System Model and upheld the fostering of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness.

1968, Dorothy Johnson

“The science unitary human” beingviewed nursing as both a science and an art as it provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is integral with the universe

1970, Martha Rogers

“Self care deficit theory” states in her theory that nursing care is required if the client is unable to fulfill biological, psychological, developmental, or social needs.

1971, Dorothea Orem

Theory of Goal attainment states that the nurse is considered part of the patient’s environment and the nurse-patient relationship is for meeting goals towards good health.

1971, Imogene King

in her theory states that many needs exist, and each may disrupt client balance or stability. Stress reduction is the goal of the system model of nursing practice.

1972, Betty Neuman

viewed the individual as a set of interrelated systems who strives to maintain the balance between these various stimuli. -“Roy adaptation model”

1979, Sr. Callista Roy

developed the philosophy of caring highlighted humanistic aspects of nursing as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing practice.

1979, Jean Watson

Two Philosophical Perspectives Used in Science

1. Rationalism 2. Empiricism

emphasizes the importance of a priori reasoning as the appropriate method for advancing knowledge.

rationalism

- sensory seeing, feeling, hearing facts). - Skinner’s approach to theory construction was clearly inductive. - With induction it is important not to end the observations too soon and arrive at a premature conclusion that is faulty.

Empiricism

focused on the analysis of theory structure,

philosophers

focused on empirical research

scientists

published his analysis of the epistemology (knowledge) of human sciences from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. His major thesis stated that empirical knowledge was arranged in different patterns at a given time and in a given culture and that humans where emerging as objects of study.

Foucault (1973)

One of the major perspectives in the new philosophy emphasized science as a process of continuing research rather than a product focused on findings.

1977, Brown

chap 3 cell

MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 50問 · 2年前

chap 3 cell