Chap 4
問題一覧
1
a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding them
Tissue
2
study of tissues
Histology
3
a covering or lining tissue
Epithelial
4
a diverse primary tissue type that tissues makes up part of every organ in the
body
connective
5
a tissue that contracts or shortens, making movement possible
muscle
6
responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
nervous
7
consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface
simple epithelium
8
a single layer of thin, flat cells
- some substances easily pass through this thin layer of cells, but other substances do not
simple squamous epithelium
9
a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion, or secretion
greater secretory capacity
than simple
squamous epithelial cells
simple cuboidal epithelium
10
- a single layer of tall, thin cells.
- the large size of these cells enables them to perform complex functions, such as secretion
- the simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine produces and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes
simple columnar epithelium
11
consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane
stratified epithelium
12
- a special type of simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely stratified
- it consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane
- due to variations in the shape of the cells, the epithelia appear stratified
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
13
flat or scalelike.
squamous cells
14
cube-shaped about as wide as they are tall.
cuboidal cells
15
tend to be taller than they are wide
columnar cell
16
forms a thick epithelium because it consists of several layers of cells
stratified squamous epithelium
17
consists of more than
one layer of epithelial cells; the surface cells
- are columnar but the deeper cells are irregular or cuboidal in shape
stratified columnar epithelium
18
secretes mucus, which covers its free surface.
cilia in the airways move the mucus and accumulated debris toward the throat,
where it is swallowed
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
19
- a special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched
- the shape of the cells change as the epithelium is stretched
- lines cavities that can expand greatly, such as the urinary bladder
it also protects underlying structures, like the urinary bladder, from the caustic effects of urine
Transitional epithelium
20
outer layer of the skin is comprised of a keratinized squamous epithelium
• the keratin reduces the loss of water from the body
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
21
provides protection abrasion and acts against as mechanical barrier.
• water, however, can move across it more readily than across the skin
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
22
most epithelia have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells and faces away from underlying tissues.
- the characteristics of the free surface reflect its functions.
free cell surface
23
cells have several structures that hold one cell to one another or to the basement membrane. these
structures
cell connection
24
• mechanical links that bind cells together
desmosomes
25
half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane
hemidesmosomes
26
prevent the passage of materials between epithelial cells because they completelysurround each cell, similar to the way a belt surrounds the waist
Tight Junctions
27
can also be classified according to how products leave the cell.
exocrine glands
28
involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis
merocrine secretion
29
involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells
apocrine secretion
30
involves the shedding of entire cells
Holocrine secretion
31
-a diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body.
-differs from the other three tissue types in that it consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix
-diverse in both structure and function.
-comprised of cells, protein fibers, and an extracellular matrix
Connective Tissue
32
specialized cells of the various connective tissues produce the extracellular matrix.
connective tissue cells
33
form bone, osteocytes maintain it, and osteoclasts break it down.
osteoblasts
34
are cells that form fibrous connective tissue, and fibrocytes maintain it
fibroblasts
35
form cartilage and chondrocytes maintain it.
chondroblasts
36
large cells that are capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances, including microorganisms in the connective tissue.
macrophages
37
are nonmotile cells that release chemicals, such as histamine, that promote inflammation
mast cells
38
which resembles microscopic ropes, are very flexible but resist stretching
collagen
39
very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form supporting network.
reticular fibers
40
have the ability to return to their original shape
after being stretched or compressed, giving tissue an elastic quality
elastic fibers
41
- the ground substance consists of non-fibrous molecules and is shapeless.
- consists of proteoglycans, which are large molecules that consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides
matrix ground substance
42
trap large quantities of water between the polysaccharides, which allows them to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed
proteoglycans
43
two main types of connective tissue
embryonic and adult connective tissue
44
• consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which contain large amounts of lipid for energy storage.
adipose tissue
45
• forms the framework of lymphatic tissue, such as in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow and the liver
reticular tissue
46
connective tissue having the collagen fibers oriented in the multiple directions
Dense Irregular
47
-connective tissue has abundant elastic fibers among its collagen fibers
-the elastic fibers allow the tissue to stretch and recoil
Dense Eleastic
48
the most abundant type of cartilage and has many functions, such as covering the ends of bones, where they form joints.
Hyaline Cartilage
49
-has more collagen than does hyaline cartilage and is able to withstand compression and resist tearing or pulling.
-found in the intervertebral disks has more collagen than does hyaline cartilage and is able to withstand compression and resist tearing or pulling.
-found in the disks between the vertebrae
fibrocartilge
50
-contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and proteoglycans
-appear as coiled fibers among bundles of collagen fibers.
-is able to recoil to its original shape when bent.
Elastic
51
a hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix.
Bone
52
has spaces between trabeculae or plates, of bone and therefore resembles a sponge.
spongy bone
53
more solid, with almost no space between
compact bone
54
-a liquid connective tissue
-contains liquid matrix, termed the plasma, along with formed elements.
-the formed elements are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
-functions in transport of food, oxygen, waste, hormones, and other substances
blood
55
contract, or shorten, making movement possible
muscle
56
-attaches to the skeleton and enables the body to move.
-striated, or banded, because of the arrangement of contractile proteins within the cells
skeletal muscle
57
the muscle of the heart; it is responsible for pumping blood.
cardiac muscle
58
-forms the walls of hollow organs; it is also found in the skin and the eyes.
- responsible for a number of functions, such as moving food through the
digestive tract and emptying the urinary bladder
-are tapered at each end, have a single nucleus, and are not striated
smooth muscle
59
-forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- responsible for coordinating controlling many body activities
consists of neurons and support termed glial cells
nervous tissue
60
- a thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity.
- most membranes consist of epithelium
and the connective tissue on which the epithelium rests.
tissue membrane
61
- line cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts.
- consist of epithelial cells, their basement membrane, and a thick layer of loose connective tissue.
mucous membrane
62
- line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body, such as the pericardial, pleural,
and peritoneal cavities.
-do not contain glands, but they secrete a small amount of fluid called serous fluid, which lubricates the surface of the membranes
serous membrane
63
-line the cavities of freely movable joints.
- made up of only connective tissue and consist of modified connective tissue cells.
- produce synovial fluid, which makes the joint very slippery, thereby reducing
synovial membrane
64
- usually a beneficial process occurring when tissues are damaged.
- when viruses infect epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, inflammation and the symptoms of the common cold are produced.
tissue inflammation
65
-mobilizes the body's defenses and isolates anddestroys microorganisms, foreign
materials, and damaged cells so that tissue repair can proceed
-produces five major symptoms: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function
Inflammation
66
-involves substitution of dead cells for viable cells. can occur by regeneration or by fibrosis.
-the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed, and normal function is usually restored.
tissue repair
67
-self-renewing, undifferentiated cells that continue to divide throughout life.
- tissue repair occurs in sequential steps
stem cells
chap 3 cell
chap 3 cell
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 50問 · 2年前chap 3 cell
chap 3 cell
50問 • 2年前TFN
TFN
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 19問 · 2年前TFN
TFN
19問 • 2年前Tfn
Tfn
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 12問 · 2年前Tfn
Tfn
12問 • 2年前Chap 7 muscle
Chap 7 muscle
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 62問 · 2年前Chap 7 muscle
Chap 7 muscle
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chap 8
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 43問 · 2年前chap 8
chap 8
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chap 9
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chap 9
68問 • 2年前chap 10
chap 10
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 36問 · 2年前chap 10
chap 10
36問 • 2年前chap 10
chap 10
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 33問 · 2年前chap 10
chap 10
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chap 12 Heart
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chap 12 Heart
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chap 13
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chapter 13 vein
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 54問 · 2年前chapter 13 vein
chapter 13 vein
54問 • 2年前lymphatic
lymphatic
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 63問 · 2年前lymphatic
lymphatic
63問 • 2年前digestive
digestive
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 73問 · 2年前digestive
digestive
73問 • 2年前respiratory
respiratory
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 69問 · 2年前respiratory
respiratory
69問 • 2年前Chap 5 micro
Chap 5 micro
MORALES, Chelsea Denise S. · 40問 · 1年前Chap 5 micro
Chap 5 micro
40問 • 1年前問題一覧
1
a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding them
Tissue
2
study of tissues
Histology
3
a covering or lining tissue
Epithelial
4
a diverse primary tissue type that tissues makes up part of every organ in the
body
connective
5
a tissue that contracts or shortens, making movement possible
muscle
6
responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
nervous
7
consists of a single layer of cells, with each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface
simple epithelium
8
a single layer of thin, flat cells
- some substances easily pass through this thin layer of cells, but other substances do not
simple squamous epithelium
9
a single layer of cube-like cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion, or secretion
greater secretory capacity
than simple
squamous epithelial cells
simple cuboidal epithelium
10
- a single layer of tall, thin cells.
- the large size of these cells enables them to perform complex functions, such as secretion
- the simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine produces and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes
simple columnar epithelium
11
consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to the basement membrane
stratified epithelium
12
- a special type of simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely stratified
- it consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached to the basement membrane
- due to variations in the shape of the cells, the epithelia appear stratified
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
13
flat or scalelike.
squamous cells
14
cube-shaped about as wide as they are tall.
cuboidal cells
15
tend to be taller than they are wide
columnar cell
16
forms a thick epithelium because it consists of several layers of cells
stratified squamous epithelium
17
consists of more than
one layer of epithelial cells; the surface cells
- are columnar but the deeper cells are irregular or cuboidal in shape
stratified columnar epithelium
18
secretes mucus, which covers its free surface.
cilia in the airways move the mucus and accumulated debris toward the throat,
where it is swallowed
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
19
- a special type of stratified epithelium that can be greatly stretched
- the shape of the cells change as the epithelium is stretched
- lines cavities that can expand greatly, such as the urinary bladder
it also protects underlying structures, like the urinary bladder, from the caustic effects of urine
Transitional epithelium
20
outer layer of the skin is comprised of a keratinized squamous epithelium
• the keratin reduces the loss of water from the body
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
21
provides protection abrasion and acts against as mechanical barrier.
• water, however, can move across it more readily than across the skin
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
22
most epithelia have a free surface that is not in contact with other cells and faces away from underlying tissues.
- the characteristics of the free surface reflect its functions.
free cell surface
23
cells have several structures that hold one cell to one another or to the basement membrane. these
structures
cell connection
24
• mechanical links that bind cells together
desmosomes
25
half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane
hemidesmosomes
26
prevent the passage of materials between epithelial cells because they completelysurround each cell, similar to the way a belt surrounds the waist
Tight Junctions
27
can also be classified according to how products leave the cell.
exocrine glands
28
involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis
merocrine secretion
29
involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells
apocrine secretion
30
involves the shedding of entire cells
Holocrine secretion
31
-a diverse primary tissue type that makes up part of every organ in the body.
-differs from the other three tissue types in that it consists of cells separated from each other by abundant extracellular matrix
-diverse in both structure and function.
-comprised of cells, protein fibers, and an extracellular matrix
Connective Tissue
32
specialized cells of the various connective tissues produce the extracellular matrix.
connective tissue cells
33
form bone, osteocytes maintain it, and osteoclasts break it down.
osteoblasts
34
are cells that form fibrous connective tissue, and fibrocytes maintain it
fibroblasts
35
form cartilage and chondrocytes maintain it.
chondroblasts
36
large cells that are capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances, including microorganisms in the connective tissue.
macrophages
37
are nonmotile cells that release chemicals, such as histamine, that promote inflammation
mast cells
38
which resembles microscopic ropes, are very flexible but resist stretching
collagen
39
very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form supporting network.
reticular fibers
40
have the ability to return to their original shape
after being stretched or compressed, giving tissue an elastic quality
elastic fibers
41
- the ground substance consists of non-fibrous molecules and is shapeless.
- consists of proteoglycans, which are large molecules that consist of a protein core attached to many long polysaccharides
matrix ground substance
42
trap large quantities of water between the polysaccharides, which allows them to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed
proteoglycans
43
two main types of connective tissue
embryonic and adult connective tissue
44
• consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which contain large amounts of lipid for energy storage.
adipose tissue
45
• forms the framework of lymphatic tissue, such as in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow and the liver
reticular tissue
46
connective tissue having the collagen fibers oriented in the multiple directions
Dense Irregular
47
-connective tissue has abundant elastic fibers among its collagen fibers
-the elastic fibers allow the tissue to stretch and recoil
Dense Eleastic
48
the most abundant type of cartilage and has many functions, such as covering the ends of bones, where they form joints.
Hyaline Cartilage
49
-has more collagen than does hyaline cartilage and is able to withstand compression and resist tearing or pulling.
-found in the intervertebral disks has more collagen than does hyaline cartilage and is able to withstand compression and resist tearing or pulling.
-found in the disks between the vertebrae
fibrocartilge
50
-contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen and proteoglycans
-appear as coiled fibers among bundles of collagen fibers.
-is able to recoil to its original shape when bent.
Elastic
51
a hard connective tissue that consists of living cells and a mineralized matrix.
Bone
52
has spaces between trabeculae or plates, of bone and therefore resembles a sponge.
spongy bone
53
more solid, with almost no space between
compact bone
54
-a liquid connective tissue
-contains liquid matrix, termed the plasma, along with formed elements.
-the formed elements are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
-functions in transport of food, oxygen, waste, hormones, and other substances
blood
55
contract, or shorten, making movement possible
muscle
56
-attaches to the skeleton and enables the body to move.
-striated, or banded, because of the arrangement of contractile proteins within the cells
skeletal muscle
57
the muscle of the heart; it is responsible for pumping blood.
cardiac muscle
58
-forms the walls of hollow organs; it is also found in the skin and the eyes.
- responsible for a number of functions, such as moving food through the
digestive tract and emptying the urinary bladder
-are tapered at each end, have a single nucleus, and are not striated
smooth muscle
59
-forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
- responsible for coordinating controlling many body activities
consists of neurons and support termed glial cells
nervous tissue
60
- a thin sheet or layer of tissue that covers a structure or lines a cavity.
- most membranes consist of epithelium
and the connective tissue on which the epithelium rests.
tissue membrane
61
- line cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts.
- consist of epithelial cells, their basement membrane, and a thick layer of loose connective tissue.
mucous membrane
62
- line cavities that do not open to the exterior of the body, such as the pericardial, pleural,
and peritoneal cavities.
-do not contain glands, but they secrete a small amount of fluid called serous fluid, which lubricates the surface of the membranes
serous membrane
63
-line the cavities of freely movable joints.
- made up of only connective tissue and consist of modified connective tissue cells.
- produce synovial fluid, which makes the joint very slippery, thereby reducing
synovial membrane
64
- usually a beneficial process occurring when tissues are damaged.
- when viruses infect epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract, inflammation and the symptoms of the common cold are produced.
tissue inflammation
65
-mobilizes the body's defenses and isolates anddestroys microorganisms, foreign
materials, and damaged cells so that tissue repair can proceed
-produces five major symptoms: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and disturbance of function
Inflammation
66
-involves substitution of dead cells for viable cells. can occur by regeneration or by fibrosis.
-the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed, and normal function is usually restored.
tissue repair
67
-self-renewing, undifferentiated cells that continue to divide throughout life.
- tissue repair occurs in sequential steps
stem cells