It is necessary to understand how art is produced to be able to appreciate how artworks come to be. Every art-making process is dictated by the artist's style.

art production

___ has many meanings. It can mean the art produced in a particular historical period. It can also refer to the art of a nation or region within a country.

style

The growth of a single artist's way of working can be referred to as "_____". In addition, style can be a certain technical approach to the making of art. As with all scientific classification, sorting of artwork can be done based on common traits or qualities. Styles of art, therefore, can be thought of as groups. The uniting element may be visible in the use of the elements of art or organization of design. As such, style may be discerned not only by how it looks like but also based on the quality of the painting.

the evolution of style

The ____ lies in the fact that it allows the viewer to discern the meaning behind the subject matter and purpose of the painting. Study Elmer Borlongan's Driver's Lounge.

significance of style

_____ is not easy to achieve. Many contemporary artist face the problem of creating an impression of reality through a selective use of visual facts. Artists imitate appearance to convey moving drama about human life. Sometimes, artists combine their representational skill to create a psychological impact. In their desire to do so, the representation becomes an interpretation of reality which does not necessarily have objective accuracy. The artist can do art by being a detached observer or by employing a selective eye.

objective accuracy

Accuracy of the size and shape relationships. _______ is the most common device. It takes mastery acquired through formal studies and serious practice to make beautiful artworks. Learning how to draw accurately teaches the artist to see and to understand what he or she is looking at.Accuracy of the size and shape relationships. Correct drawing is the most common device. It takes mastery acquired through formal studies and serious practice to make beautiful artworks. Learning how to draw accurately teaches the artist to see and to understand what he or she is looking at.

correct drawing

____ is a powerful instrument. It is mainly connected with the description of the objects. The ___ of the objects varies depending on the amount and source of light they receive and on their location in space. Example: Imelda Cajipe Endaya's Panimula.

color

______ is the pictorial device that relates to the artist's ability to create the illusion of deep space within the painting. The technical features of linear and aerial perspective - the perspective of shadows and reflections, of receding measured forms, of advancing and foreshortened forms, of single- and two-point systems, of the interaction of perspective with color and illumination - are exceedingly complex

perspective

Perspective is the pictorial device that relates to the artist's ability to create the illusion of deep space within the painting. The technical features of _______ - the perspective of shadows and reflections, of receding measured forms, of advancing and foreshortened forms, of single- and two-point systems, of the interaction of perspective with color and illumination - are exceedingly complex

linear and aerial perspective

__________ are used in painting when the artist wishes to disclose personal feelings in relation to love.

romanticism and emotion

________ in painting express disappointment, bitterness, disturbance, or uncomfortable feelings and often look dark and chaotic.

anxiety and despair

_______ are displayed through vigorous, uncomplicated approach such as depiction of movement and energy with the visual representation of the sun, sky, air, water, and mountains.

joy and celebration

______ are also used to express sparkle, freshness, and abundance.

brushstrokes

______ is used in contemporary art to create fantastic images or substitute real objects for the illusionistic treatment of reality. Example: Abdulmari Imao's Sarimanok.

illusionism

_______ are done in ways most suitable to the available material.

sculptural processes

_____ can only be carved, drilled, abraded, and polished.

stone

_____ lends itself to the same processes more easily although modern technology permits it to be permanently bent and molded.

wood

_____ which can be modified in various ways for it take the artist's desired form.

metal

_______ with plastic binders that can be modeled and assembled by welding, soldering, and riveting, or with adhesives.

powdered metal

_____ also has beautiful surface and can be used in sculpture.

bronze

____ - it is not very permanent and can easily be changed or damaged in handling. It can also be deformed when exposed to heat.

wax

_________ is more responsive than wood or stone. However, it possess little strength in tension or compression and requires an armature for support.

terra-cotta or clay

______ is becoming popular in the Philippines. It is used by many installation artists and sculptors. Example: Charlie Co's Ai Weiwei busts are made of ____.

resin

______ can be either subtractive, where the material is removed or carved out until the desired form is visible or additive, wherein the material is added part by part until the form is completed.

sculpture process

_____. ____ sculptures are created when a soft or malleable material such as clay is built using an armature (metal brace) and then shaped to create a form. ____ is an additive process. An example is the portrait sculpture of Batanes-born artist Pacita Abad done by Iligan artist Julie Lluch.

modelling

____. It involves cutting or chipping away a shape from a block of stone, wood, or other hard material. _____ is a subtractive process where the material is systematically eliminated from the outside. The process calls for a conception of the result before the work begins. The carver subtracts nonessential material to form an image from the block of marble, wood, or stone. An example of wood carving is Franco, Cagayat's jeepneys and cars.

carving

____. When a sculpture is formed using terra-cotta clay, it is made permanent with plaster of paris. ____ it in bronze or metal accurately reproduces the form from an original clay or wax model. It is durable, can be transportedbwithout breaking and can also be duplicated. Ed Defensor's The Battle is done interra-cotta and ____ in resin.

casting

____. Sculptors gather and put together different materials, including found objects to create an assembled sculpture. ____ is an additive process using adhesive, welding, and other chemicals for adhesion. An example is Josephine Turalba's General Mariana.

assembling

________ is carved from a slab of stone and is limited by the material's shape and size. This means that the sculptor can only make a form that is allowed by the material's shape and cannot exceed its size. Neither can the sculptor produce complex open forms and shapes where arms and legs are stretched. The form is taken as one whole closed form or shape. Lucell Laraan's Prostate is an example of this type of sculpture.

monolithic sculpture

______ is popular among contemporary artists. It makes use of new materials such as plastics, plexiglass, metal wire, etc., and allows a break from the figurative representation of sculpture. The main traits of _____ applied to sculpture are abstraction, transparency, interpenetration of sculptural form, overlapping of planes, and the employment of lines in tension to describe direction and movement. An example of this is an abstract experiment such as Wilson Baldemor's Vise Tandem.

constructivism

______ provides a method to the contemporary artist who abandons carving, modeling, and casting. Several forms of found objects, including "metal (wire, pipe, sheet, rod, spring, tube, bar, and plate) are put together through a single method of attachment: welding: and a single color and surface texture.

sculptural assemblage

______ is a sculpture in mechanical motion. When they are suspended in the air, they can produce musical sound as the elements move with the wind and touch each other. These sculptures are set into motion by wind, electricity, or machine. An example is Gabby Barredo's sculpture.

kinetic sculpture

____ are closed and can become packages, a portable container for something worth keeping. They are distinguished by their careful craftsmanship and connection to something. The many art balikbayan boxes bundled together by Alfredo and Isabel Aquilizan to symbolize the way Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) accumulate things to send to their family left behind in the Philippines.

boxes

____ is not associated with the wall and is more like a room. It relates instead to the vault or convulated inner spaces of natural caverns. The shaping of interior space resembles a hybrid form of sculpture and architecture. Richmond Campil's Revelation presents a neat arrangement of staircases and cubes in one of the spaces that once served as stud farm for a herd of horses. As ____ sculpture, the place was converted into a pleasant looking room that gives the viewer an illusion of various levels all in one plane enclosed by architectural structure.

grotto

_____. A ____ is a recessed place in a wall where a sculptured figure or bust can be located. It is important to think of niche sculptures as "born from" walls, conceived out of necessity to endow plane surfaces with dramatic meaning. The ____ encloses forms physically and governs the angle of vision from which the sculpture can be seen. Psychologically, the sculpture is "protected" by its enclosure; it is removed from full exposure to the elements and can thus be perceived as something which requires shelter. This psychological meaning adheres to a box sculpture and construction (Feldman 1981). An example is Renato Habulan's Takatak Series # 1,2,3, and 4.

niches