Lesson 1: The Human Organism

study of the structures of the body

the study of the funtion and processes of the body.

CCTOOO Chemical Cell Tissue Organs Organ System Organism

involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules

basic structural and functional units of organisms

a group of similar cells and the material surrounding them

composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common function

a group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of functions

a complex of organ systems that are mutually dependent upon one another

INTEGUMENTARY SKELETAL MUSCULAR NERVOUS ENDOCRINE DIGESTIVE LYMPHATUC RESPIRATOR CARDIOVASCULAE Urinary Reproductive

Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, helps produce vitamin D

skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands.

Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, stores mineral and adipose tissue

bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, joints

Produces body movements, maintains posture, produces body heat

Muscular

Major regulatory system that detects sensations and , physiological processes,intellectual Function

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

Major regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth reproduction

endocrine glands, such as pituitary,that secrete hormones

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body, plays a role in the immune response and regulation of the body temperature

heart, blood vessels, and blood

Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, absorbs dietary fats from digestive tract

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air, regulates blood pH

lungs and respiratory passages

Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes

mouth, esophagus, stomach intestines, and accessory organs

Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, water balance

kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters

Produces oocytes for females and sperm cells for males for reproduction and hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors

female (ovaries, uterus, vagina) male (testes, ducts, penis)

Organization Responsiveness Metabolism Growth Developmenr Reproduction

refers to a specific relationship of the many individual parts of an organism

ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction

- the ability of an organism to sense changes in the environment and make the adjustments that help maintain its life

refers to an increase in size of all or part of the organism

includes the changes an organism undergoes through time

the formation of new cells or new organisms

the condition in which body functions, body fluids, and other factors of the internal environment are maintained within a range of values suitable to support life.

regulates most systems of the body; occurs when any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted

occurs when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response

refers to a person standing upright with the face directed forward, the upper limbshanging to the sides, and the palms of the hands facing forward.

right

left

inferior

superior

anterior

posterikr

dorsal

ventral

proximal

distal

lateral

medial

superfical