Approaches in Human Development

12問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Focus: The _________ to human development focuses primarily on the early stages of life, particularly childhood and adolescence (Okojie & Aibieyi, 2010). It emphasizes that the most significant developmental changes occur from birth through adolescence, with adulthood seen as a period of stability and decline. Key Concepts: • Developmental Emphasis: Major developmental milestones, such as physical growth, cognitive development, and socialization, are believed to occur primarily during childhood and adolescence. • Stability in Adulthood: In this approach, adulthood is often viewed as a time when development plateaus, with little emphasis on growth or change beyond early adulthood. • Aging as Decline: The later stages of life are seen largely as periods of decline in physical and cognitive abilities. Example: In traditional psychology and education, significant focus is placed on childhood and adolescent development, such as in Piaget's stages of cognitive development or Freud's psychosexual stages, with less attention given to adult development.

Traditional Approach

Focus: The ____________ to human development considers growth and change as ongoing processes that occur throughout the entire life (Overton, 2003). This approach emphasizes that development does not stop after adolescence but continues through adulthood and old age, with both gains and losses occurring at different stages. Key Concepts: Continuous Development: Development seen as a lifelong process, with significant changes occurring in all stages, from infancy to old age (Santrock, 2002). • Multidimensionality: Development is multidimensional, involving physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes throughout life (Santrock, 2002). • Plasticity: Individuals have the potential for change throughout their lives, meaning that development can be shaped by experiences at any age (Santrock, 2002). • Contextual Influence: The life-span approach emphasizes the role of context- such as culture, socio-economic status, and historical period-in influencing development across the lifespan (Santrock, 2002). • Developmental Gains and Losses: Recognizes that development includes both gains (such as increased wisdom or knowledge) and losses (such as physical decline) at different stages of life (Santrock, 2002). Example: Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, which outlines eight stages of development that span from infancy to old age, is a classic example of the life-span approach. Similarly, research on adult development, such as studies on career changes or cognitive aging, reflects this approach

Life-span Approach

Traditional Approach key concepts

Developmental Emphasis, Stability in Adulthood, Aging as Decline

Life-Span Approach

Continuous development, Multidimensionality, Plasticity, Contextual influence, Developmental gains and losses

According to Traditional approach major developmental milestones, such as physical growth, cognitive development, and socialization, are believed to occur primarily during childhood and adolescence.

Developmental Emphasis

according to Traditional approach, adulthood is often viewed as a timewhen development plateaus, with little emphasis on growth or change beyondearly adulthood.

Stability in Adulthood

According to traditional approach the later stages of life are seen largely as periods of decline in physical and cognitive abilities.

Aging as Decline

According to Life-span approach development is seen as a lifelong process, with significant changes occurring in all stages, from infancy to old age

Continuous Development

According to Life-span approach development is ________, involving physical, cognitive, social, and emotional changes throughout life

Multidimensional

According to Life-span approach individuals have the potential for change throughout their lives, meaning that development can be shaped by experiences at any age

Plasticity

The life-span approach emphasizes the role of context— such as culture, socio-economic status, and historical period—in influencing development across the lifespan

Contextual Influence

According to life-span approach recognizes that development includes both gains (such as increased wisdom or knowledge) and losses (such as physical decline) at different stages of life

Developmental gains and losses

Personal development

Seven · 28問 · 2年前

Personal development