CSS (Introduction to Computer Networks)

42問 • 2年前

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is a telecommunication channel using which we can share data with other computers or devices, connected to the same network. It is also called Data Network.

Computer network

can be a device that is capable of sending or receiving data generated by other nodes on the network like a computer, printer, etc. These links connecting the devices are called Communication channels.

Node

A network must be able to meet specific criteria's; these are mentioned below:

Performance, Reliability, Scalability

It is the time taken to travel a message from one device to another..

Transit time

It is defined as the time elapsed between inquiry and response.

Response time

It decides the frequency at which network failure takes place. The more the shortcomings are, the less is the network's reliability.

Computer network reliability

It refers to the protection of data from any unauthorized user or access. While traveling through a network, data passes many layers of a network, and data can be traced if attempted. Hence security is also an essential characteristic for Networks

Computer network security

Properties of a good network

Interpersonal communication, Resources can be shared, Sharing files, data

is used to exchange data between two parties:

Communication model

Data to be transmitted is generated by this device, for example: telephones, personal computers, etc

Source

The data generated by the source system is not directly transmitted in the form it created. The transmitter transforms and encodes the data in such a way to produce electromagnetic waves or signals.

Transmitter

can be a single transmission line or a complex network connecting source and destination.

Transmission system

accepts the signal from the transmission system and converts it into a form that is easily managed by the destination device.

Receiver

receives the incoming data from the receiver.

Destination

The exchange of data between two devices through a transmission medium is called

Data communication

Local communication takes place when the communicating devices are in the same geographical area, the same building, or face-to-face, etc.

Data communication local

Remote communication takes place over a distance i.e. the devices are farther. The effectiveness of data communication can be measured through the following features:

Data communication remote

Delivery should be done to the correct destination.

Delivery

Delivery should be on time.

Timeliness

Data delivered should be accurate.

Accuracy

Components of data communication

Message, Sender, Receiver, Medium, Protocol

It is the information to be delivered.

Message

the person who is sending the message.

Sender

the person to whom the message is being sent to

Receiver

It is the medium through which the message is sent. For example: A Modem.

Medium

These are some set of rules which govern data communication.

Protocol

Following are some business applications of computer networks:

Resource sharing, Server-client model, Communication medium, eCommerce

The goal is to make all programs, equipment (like printers, etc), and especially data, available to anyone on the network without regard to the physical location of the resource and the user.

Resource sharing

One can imagine a company's information system consisting of one or more databases and some employees who need to access it remotely. In this model, the data is stored on powerful computers called Servers. Often these are centrally housed and maintained by a system administrator. In contrast, the employees have simple machines, called Clients, on their desks, using which they access remote data

Server-client model

A computer network can provide a powerful____________among employees. Virtually every company that has two or more computers now has email (electronic mail), which employees generally use for a great deal of daily communication.

Communication medium

A goal that is starting to become more critical in businesses is doing business with consumers over the Internet. Airlines, bookstores, and music vendors have discovered that many customers like the convenience of shopping from home. This sector is expected to grow quickly in the future.

eCommerce

There are two ways to connect the devices:

Point-to-point connection, Multipoint connection

It is a protocol that is used as a communication link between two devices. It is simple to establish.

Point-to-point connection

It is also called a Multidrop configuration. In this connection, two or more devices share a single link.

Multipoint connection

two kinds of multipoint connection

Spartially shared line configuration, Time shared (temporal) line configuration

Types of network topology

BUS topology, RING topology, STAR topology, MESH topology, TREE topology, HYBRID topology

is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to a single cable. When it has exactly two endpoints

BUS topology

because it forms a _____ as each computer is connected to another computer, with the last one connected to the first. Exactly two neighbors for each device

RING topology

all the computers are connected to a single hub through a cable. This hub is the central node and all other nodes are connected to the central node.

STAR topology

is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or devices. All the network nodes are connected.

MESH topology

has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also called hierarchical topology. It should at least have three levels to the hierarchy

TREE topology

is two different types of topologies which is a mixture of two or more topologies. For example, if in an office in one department ring topology is used and in another star, topology is used, connecting these topologies will result in Hybrid Topology (ring topology and star topology).

HYBRID topology

Personal development

Seven · 28問 · 2年前

Personal development