lesson 2

60問 • 1年前

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refer to the variation in how people respond to the same situation based on personal characteristics.

individual differences

Consequences Arising Out of Individual Differences

differences in productivity, differences in the quality of their work, difference in how people react to empowerment, difference in how people react to any style of leadership, difference in terms of need for contact with other people, difference in terms of commitment to the organization, difference in terms of level of self esteem

The differences in the perception of male and female roles are referred to as gender differences. Men and women are not different along the following concerns: problem solving abilities; analytical skills; competitive drive; motivation; learning ability; and sociability.

gender differences

A worker that belongs to a certain generation may behave differently from a worker who belongs to another. Differences in the ages of workers also bring about expectations of differences in the behavior of workers. This is seen most often in age difference since age is associated with experience.

generational and age based differences

It refers to the learned and shared ways of thinking and acting among a group of people or society.

culture

refers to the social environment of human-created beliefs, customs, knowledge, and practices that define conventional behavior in a society

social culture

refers to the set of values, beliefs, and norms that is shared among members of an organization

organizational culture

is defined as the capacity of a person to learn or acquire skills.

aptitude

refers to an individual's capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.

ability

refer to the capacity of the individual to do tasks demanding stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics

physical abilities

refer to the capacity to do mental activities, such as thinking, reasoning, and problem solving

mental abilities

the ability to esert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time

dynamic strength

the ability to exert muscular strength using the trunk (particularly the abdominal muscles) muscles

trunk strength

the ability to mert force against external objects

static strength

the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts

explosive strength

the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible

extent strength

the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements

dynamic flexibility

the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body

body coordination

the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance

balance

the ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over time

stamina

refers to the capacity of a person to acquire and apply knowledge including solving problems

cognitive intelligence

refers to a person's ability to relate effectively with others

social intelligence

refers to a person's qualities such as understanding one's own feelings, empathy for others, and the regulation of emotion to enhance living

emotional intelligence

refers to an outsider's ability to interpret someone's unfamiliar and ambiguous behavior the same way that person's compatriot would

cultural intelligence

Involves components (or mental processes used in thinking (analytical intelligence) traditional type of intelligence needed for solving difficult protiems with abstract reasoning

componential intelligence

(creative intelligence) Type of intelligence that is required fe imagination and combining things in novel ways

experiential intelligence

(practical intelligence) requires adapting to, selecting, and shaping our real-world environment incorporates the ideas of common sense wisdom, and street smarts

contextual intellegence

sensitive to language, meanings, and the relations among words able to communicate through language including reading writing, and spealing

linguistic

covers abstract thought precision, counting organization, and logical structure, mabing the relationship between objects

logical mathematical

create and understand meanings made out of sounds and to enjoy different types of music

musical

naties people to perceive and manipulate images in their brain and to re-cezir memary

spatial

enables people to their body and peromptual and motor systems in skilled ways

bodily kinesthetic

highly accurate undentanding of mal or hemelf

intrapersonal

mates it posutile for mate distinctions among the feelings, motives, and intentions of others

interpersonal

possesses the ability to beek patterns in th external physical environment

naturalist

refers to the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others. The "ways" are the patterns of behavior that are consistent and enduring.

personality

are those factors that are determined at conception.

hereditary factors

are those that exert pressures on the formation of an individual's personality

environmental factors

refer to the established norms, attitudes, and values that are passed along from one generation to the next and creates consistency over time

cultural factors

refer to those that reflect family life, religion and the many kinds of formal and informal groups in which the individual participates throughout his life

social factors

indicate that the individual will behave differently in different situations

situational factors

characterizes one as calm, self-confident, and secure. A person who possesses a high degree of emotional stability can be expected to withstand stress.

emotional stability

Someone who is sociable, gregarious, and assertive.

extraversion

A person who is imaginative, cultured, curious, original, broad-minded, intelligent, and artistically sensitive.

openness to experience

it refers to the person's interpersonal orientation. An agreeable person is cooperative, warm, and trusting.

agreeableness

it refers to a person's reliability.

conscientiousness

it reflects a person's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational, or environmental factors.

self monitoring behavior

it refers to the person's willingness to take risk and pursue thrills that sometimes are required in the workplaces.

risk taking and thrill seeking

It refers to the tendency to experience positive emotional states and to typically believe that positive outcomes will be forthcoming from most activities.

optimism

emotional quotient (EQ) was introduced by Daniel Goleman. EQ refers to the ability of the person to accurately perceive, evaluate, express and regulate emotions and feelings.

emotional intelligence

refers to the ability to calm down anxiety, control impulsiveness, and react appropriately to anger

self regulation

refers to the passion to work for reasons that go beyond money or status

motivation

refers to the ability to respond to the unspoken feelings of others

empathy

refers to the awareness of one's own personality or individuality

self awareness

refers to the proficiency to manage relationships and building networks

social skills

People differ in what they actually see (e.g. color blindness).

sence of sight

People differ in their ability to hear (e.g. sharpness in listening to tones

sence of hearing

A person's tongue may be sensitive to various tastes and this makes him or her different from another person who is less sensitive to taste.

sence of taste

people have different degrees of sensitivity to smell.

sence of smell

A person's sense of touch may differ in degree with another person's.

sence of touch