lesson 4

34問 • 1年前

問題一覧

the importance a person attaches to things or ideas that serves as guide to action enduring beliefs that one's mode of conduct is better than the opposite mode of conduct

values

parents, teachers, friends, and other people oftentimes become models to persons who would later exhibit good behavior in the workplace

modeling

it occurs when a person's actions are based on the influence of what he hears or sees other people are saying

communication of attitudes

Values that are affected by attitudes that are not stated but are implied by way of action.

unstated but implied attitudes

Values are also learned through religion.

religion

Espoused values are what members of the organization say they value. Enacted values are those that are reflected in the actual behavior of the individual members of the organization.

classification of values

represent the goals that a person would like to achieve in his or her lifetime Examples are happiness, love, pleasure, self-respect, and freedom.

terminal values

refer to preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving the terminal values Examples are ambition, honesty, self-sufficiency, and courageousness.

instrumental values

reflect how one feels about something feelings and beliefs that largely determine how employees will perceive their environment, commit themselves to intended actions, and ultimately behave

attitudes

refers to the opinion or belief segment of an attitude

cognitive

refers to the emotional or feeling segment

affective

refers to the intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something

behavioral

People differ in their personal disposition-either positively affective attitudes or negatively affective attitudes.

differences in personal disposition

refers to personal characteristic of employees that inclines them to be predisposed to be satisfied at work.

positive affectivity

is a personal characteristic of employees that inclines them to be predisposed to be dissatisfied at work.

negative affectivity

Attitudes are formed through learning. The two methods that mostly influence attitude formation are direct experience and indirect means of social learning. Direct experiences are those information stored in the human mind. attitudes formed in indirect way are the result of social interactions with the family, peer groups, religious organizations, and culture.

how attitudes are formed

the attitude people have about their jobs

job satisfaction

the degree to which a person identifies with the job, actively participates in it, and considers performance important to self-

job involvement

the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its g its goals and withes to maintain membership in the organization

organizational commitment

indicate job satisfaction and are useful in predicting constructive behaviors

positive job attitudes

include those concerning job dissatisfaction, lack of job involvement, low commitment to the organization. Tendency to engage in any or all of the following: psychological withdrawal like daydreaming on the job; physical withdrawal like unauthorized absences, early departures, extended breaks, or work slowdowns; and aggression, like verbal abuse or dangerous actions against another employee.

negative job attitudes

Recruitment officers must require positive work attitudes before employment offers are made. those who are already employed by the organization but whose attitudes are negative must be made to participate in programs designed to change negative work make the reward system closely tied to individual or team performance

making positive attitudes work for the organization

adequacy of salary and persalived equity campared with others

salary

the extent to which job tasks are considered interesting and provide opportunities for learning and accepting responsibility

work itself

chances for further advancament

promotion opportunity

the technical competence and the interpersonal skills of one's immediate superior

quality of supervision

the extent to which coworkers are bendix competent, and supportive

relationship with co workers

the extent to which the physical work environnent is comfortable and supportive of productivity

working conditions

the belies that one's position la relatively secure and continued employme ith the organization

job security

refers to that approach where individuals are asked to respond to a single question.

single global rating method

is an approach where individuals indicate their feelings regarding each key factors of their job.

summation score method

refers to the employee's emotional attachment to the organization and belief in its values

affective commitment

refers to the employee's tendency to remain in an organization because he cannot afford to leave

continuance commitment

refers to an obligation to remain with the company for moral or ethical reason

normative commitment