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27問 • 1年前

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•Study of the past •_________ record of significant events ⚫dates, and places, names, and events from distant eras • the shallow understanding of history's relevance

chronological

derived from the Greek word "_____" which means knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation

historia

History as a discipline existed for around ____ years and is as old as mathematics and philosophy

2400

Historia became known as the account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents and historical evidences. That meaning stuck until the early parts of the ___th century.

20th

History became an important _______ ________

academic discipline

History is defined as a d_c___t_d re_o_d of man and his society

documented record

As a field of study, history is a study of man and his achievements from the beginning of w__t_n records to the present.

written

As a literary form of history is an effective presentation of the unfolding events. But as a type of literature history falls under n_nf__t_n work.

nonfiction

History comes from social history which defines it as a Precord of events showing the Bevolution of man and his society from the earliest and from the age of b_rb_ri_m to what he is today.

barbarism

It means that, unless a written document can prove a certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as a historical fact clue NO D_C_M_N_ NO H_S_T_____

no document no history

h______ d____-sourced from the artifacts that have left by the past.

historical data

r__l_cs or re_a_ns -artifacts that offer researchers a clue about the past.

relics or remains

t____ies of wi______ne___s oral or written, may have been created to serve as a record or they might have been made for some other purposes.

testimonies of witnesses

H__o_ia_s deal with the dynamic or genetic (the becoming) as well as the static(the being) and aim at the interpretative (explaining why and how things happened and were interrelated) as well as descriptive (telling what happened, when and where, and who took part).

historians

na__a__ve or l_t___t__e -chronicles or tracts presented in narrative form, written to impart a message. Ex. Books, newspapers

narrative or literature

2. d_pl_m__c so____s -those which document and record an existing legal situation or create a new one. The purest, the "best" source. Government documents

diplomatic sources

S_c_al do_u___ts -are information pertaining to economic, social, political, or judicial significance. Record kept by bureaucracies Government reports, and research findings.

social documents

________ ______are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied. For example, if a historian wishes to study the Commonwealth Constitution Convention of 1935, his primary sources can include the minutes of the convention, newspaper clippings, Philippine Commission reports of the US Commissioners, records of the convention, the draft of the Constitution, and even photographs of the event.

primary sources

Ey__it_e_s ac_o___s of convention delegates and their memoirs

eyewitness accounts

_________ ______ are those sources which were produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material. In other words, secondary sources are historical sources that study a certain historical subject. For example, on the subject of the Philippine Revolution Of 1896, students can read Agoncillo's Revolt Of the Masses: The Story Of Bonifacio and the Katipunan published originally in 1956. The Philippine Revolution happened in the last years Of the 19th century while Agoncillo published his work in 1956, which makes the Revolt Of the Masses a secondary source.

secondary sources

the classification of sources between _______ and ________ depends not on the period when the source was produced or the type of the source but on the subject of the historical research.

primary secondary

a t______k is usually classified as a secondary source-a tertiary source even. If a historian chooses to write the history of education in the 1980s, he can utilize textbooks used in that period as a primary source. If a historian wishes to study the historiography of the Filipino-Americar War, for example, he can use works of different authors on the topic as his primary as well.

textbook

historians and students Of history need to thoroughly scrutinize these historical sources to avoid deception and to come up with the h__t____cal tr__th. The historian should be able to conduct an external and internal criticism of the source, especially primary sources which can in centuries.

historical truth

E_t___al cr__ic__sm is the practice Of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced, and the material used for the evidence. Examples of the things that will be examined when conducting external criticism of a document include the quality of the paper the type of the ink, and the language and words used in the material, others.

external criticism

I_t_nal cr_t_ism is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstances of its production. looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source; its context, the agenda behind its creation: the knowledge that informed it, and its intended purpose, among others. For example, Japanese reports and declarations during the period of the war should not be taken as a historical fact hastily, Internal criticism entails that the historian acknowledges and analyzes how such reports can be manipulated to be used as war propaganda.

internal criticism

H____I_AL DE___TI_NS AND L__S One of the most scandalous cases of deception in Philippine history is the hoax Code of Kalantiaw. The code was a set of rules contained in an epic, Maragtas, which was allegedly written by a certain Datu Kalantiaw. The document was sold to the National Library and was regarded as an important pre-colonial document until 1968, when American historian William Henry Scott debunked the authenticity of the code due to anachronism and lack of evidence to prove that the code existed in the pre-colonial Philippine society.

historical deception and lies

THE T__K OF THE H_S___I_N to look at the available historical sources and select the most relevant and meaningful for history and for the subject matter that he is studying. to organize the past that is being created so that it can offer lessons for nations, societies, and civilizations. to seek for the meaning of recovering the past to let the people see the continuing relevance of provenance, memory, remembering, and historical understanding for both the present and the future.

the task of the historian