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B9-CLJ-BET A1

B9-CLJ-BET A1
20問 • 2年前
  • Christian Jay Santos
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    The offender has performed until the last act and is no longer in control of its natural course.

    objective phase

  • 2

    Enrico went to a nearby videoke bar to buy cigarettes. Once inside the bar, he was stabbed by Simon on his body. When Enrico was rushed to the hospital, he was treated and the doctor testified that the injury suffered by Enrico was fatal and would cause his death were it not for the timely medical attention given to him. Is Simon liable?

    Yes for frustrated homicide

  • 3

    Jade, a doctor, conceived the idea of killing his wife, Betty. To carry out his plan, he mixed arsenic with the soup of Betty. Soon after taking the poisonous food, Jade suddenly had a change of heart and washed out the stomach of Betty. Jade also gave Betty an antidote. Is Jade liable?

    yes for physical injuries

  • 4

    The essence of the crime is sexual congress.

    adultery

  • 5

    It is also known as a moving crime.

    transitory crime

  • 6

    It is one in which the substance is made up of more than one crime, but which, in the eyes of the law, is only a single indivisible offense.

    composite crime

  • 7

    Which of the following is not a special complex crime?

    Rape through Forcible Abduction

  • 8

    It has the effect of an exempting circumstance as it is predicated on lack of voluntariness.

    absolutory cause

  • 9

    Who has the burden of evidence of proving the existence of justifying circumstances?

    accused

  • 10

    When pleading self-defense, the burden to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt is on the shoulders of:

    state

  • 11

    Is there self-defense even if the aggressor used a toy gun?

    yes

  • 12

    Kokey claims that the death of Harold was an accident and his act was just for self-defense when his revolver accidentally hit the victim while he was struggling the same with his real enemy, Jade. Is his contention correct?

    yes

  • 13

    What does the law require on the weapons used by the one defending himself?

    rational equivalence

  • 14

    It is a rule which does not require a person, who is where he has a right to be, to retreat in the face of a rapidly advancing attacker threatening him with a deadly weapon, but entitles him to do whatever he believes is necessary to protect himself from great bodily harm.

    Stand ground when in the right doctrine

  • 15

    To be classified as a battered woman, the couple must go through the battering cycle at least

    twice

  • 16

    In Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS), the defense should prove how many phases of cycle of violence characterizing the relationship of the parties.

    3

  • 17

    Who can prove the existence of a Battered Woman Syndrome?

    psychiatrist/psychologist

  • 18

    What is the basis for exemption from criminal liability in insanity/imbecility?

    lack of intelligence

  • 19

    What is the basis for exemption from criminal liability of the accused when he was prevented by some lawful or insuperable cause?

    lack of criminal intent

  • 20

    In compulsion of irresistible force, compulsion is by means of:

    physical force

  • Lea set A

    Lea set A

    Christian Jay Santos · 53問 · 3年前

    Lea set A

    Lea set A

    53問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Mix

    Mix

    Christian Jay Santos · 18問 · 3年前

    Mix

    Mix

    18問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    criminology mcboard set A

    criminology mcboard set A

    Christian Jay Santos · 60問 · 3年前

    criminology mcboard set A

    criminology mcboard set A

    60問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    socio part 8

    socio part 8

    Christian Jay Santos · 26問 · 3年前

    socio part 8

    socio part 8

    26問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Wrong in Part 2

    Wrong in Part 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 65問 · 3年前

    Wrong in Part 2

    Wrong in Part 2

    65問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 5and6,1

    Criminalistics part 5and6,1

    Christian Jay Santos · 22問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 5and6,1

    Criminalistics part 5and6,1

    22問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    attorney book1

    attorney book1

    Christian Jay Santos · 77問 · 3年前

    attorney book1

    attorney book1

    77問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    Christian Jay Santos · 45問 · 3年前

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    45問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    midterm chp

    midterm chp

    Christian Jay Santos · 30問 · 3年前

    midterm chp

    midterm chp

    30問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    Christian Jay Santos · 23問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    23問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    non institutional

    non institutional

    Christian Jay Santos · 20問 · 3年前

    non institutional

    non institutional

    20問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    pre midterm part 2

    pre midterm part 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 43問 · 3年前

    pre midterm part 2

    pre midterm part 2

    43問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    vice control pre-prelim

    vice control pre-prelim

    Christian Jay Santos · 43問 · 3年前

    vice control pre-prelim

    vice control pre-prelim

    43問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    mock board LEA mcq 1

    mock board LEA mcq 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 51問 · 3年前

    mock board LEA mcq 1

    mock board LEA mcq 1

    51問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    CE mdterm

    CE mdterm

    Christian Jay Santos · 20問 · 3年前

    CE mdterm

    CE mdterm

    20問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    update mcboard lea

    update mcboard lea

    Christian Jay Santos · 50問 · 3年前

    update mcboard lea

    update mcboard lea

    50問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    TM CHP 11

    TM CHP 11

    Christian Jay Santos · 41問 · 3年前

    TM CHP 11

    TM CHP 11

    41問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 3, 1

    Criminalistics part 3, 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 3, 1

    Criminalistics part 3, 1

    19問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    midterm chp 2

    midterm chp 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 37問 · 3年前

    midterm chp 2

    midterm chp 2

    37問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Mix

    Mix

    Christian Jay Santos · 18問 · 3年前

    Mix

    Mix

    18問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Wrong part 2

    Wrong part 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 33問 · 3年前

    Wrong part 2

    Wrong part 2

    33問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    mock board Lea mcq 2

    mock board Lea mcq 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 31問 · 3年前

    mock board Lea mcq 2

    mock board Lea mcq 2

    31問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    midter criminal evidence

    midter criminal evidence

    Christian Jay Santos · 35問 · 3年前

    midter criminal evidence

    midter criminal evidence

    35問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Mix

    Mix

    Christian Jay Santos · 18問 · 3年前

    Mix

    Mix

    18問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 3,2

    Criminalistics part 3,2

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 3,2

    Criminalistics part 3,2

    19問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 5and6,2

    Criminalistics part 5and6,2

    Christian Jay Santos · 22問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 5and6,2

    Criminalistics part 5and6,2

    22問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 3,5

    Criminalistics part 3,5

    Christian Jay Santos · 18問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 3,5

    Criminalistics part 3,5

    18問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    mid-term

    mid-term

    Christian Jay Santos · 29問 · 3年前

    mid-term

    mid-term

    29問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    TM CHP 9

    TM CHP 9

    Christian Jay Santos · 52問 · 3年前

    TM CHP 9

    TM CHP 9

    52問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    TM CHP 10

    TM CHP 10

    Christian Jay Santos · 39問 · 3年前

    TM CHP 10

    TM CHP 10

    39問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    Christian Jay Santos · 45問 · 3年前

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    45問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    mid-term criminal procedure

    mid-term criminal procedure

    Christian Jay Santos · 50問 · 3年前

    mid-term criminal procedure

    mid-term criminal procedure

    50問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    socio part 7,3

    socio part 7,3

    Christian Jay Santos · 20問 · 3年前

    socio part 7,3

    socio part 7,3

    20問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    Christian Jay Santos · 36問 · 3年前

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    36問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    midterm chp 3

    midterm chp 3

    Christian Jay Santos · 15問 · 3年前

    midterm chp 3

    midterm chp 3

    15問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    Christian Jay Santos · 45問 · 3年前

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    45問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Wrong in Part 2

    Wrong in Part 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 32問 · 3年前

    Wrong in Part 2

    Wrong in Part 2

    32問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Word confused

    Word confused

    Christian Jay Santos · 93問 · 2年前

    Word confused

    Word confused

    93問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    Christian Jay Santos · 45問 · 3年前

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    pre prelim Criminal Evidence

    45問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 3,3

    Criminalistics part 3,3

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 3,3

    Criminalistics part 3,3

    19問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Wrong in Part 2

    Wrong in Part 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 65問 · 3年前

    Wrong in Part 2

    Wrong in Part 2

    65問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    midterm chp1

    midterm chp1

    Christian Jay Santos · 32問 · 3年前

    midterm chp1

    midterm chp1

    32問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    maam mazo intro to crim

    maam mazo intro to crim

    Christian Jay Santos · 108問 · 3年前

    maam mazo intro to crim

    maam mazo intro to crim

    108問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    mid-term criminal procedure

    mid-term criminal procedure

    Christian Jay Santos · 50問 · 3年前

    mid-term criminal procedure

    mid-term criminal procedure

    50問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Wrong 1

    Wrong 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 24問 · 3年前

    Wrong 1

    Wrong 1

    24問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Wrong

    Wrong

    Christian Jay Santos · 25問 · 3年前

    Wrong

    Wrong

    25問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    TM CHP 12

    TM CHP 12

    Christian Jay Santos · 30問 · 3年前

    TM CHP 12

    TM CHP 12

    30問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    LAW mcq 1

    LAW mcq 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 80問 · 3年前

    LAW mcq 1

    LAW mcq 1

    80問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    maam mazo intro to crim

    maam mazo intro to crim

    Christian Jay Santos · 108問 · 3年前

    maam mazo intro to crim

    maam mazo intro to crim

    108問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    pre midterm part 2

    pre midterm part 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 43問 · 3年前

    pre midterm part 2

    pre midterm part 2

    43問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    CP mdtrm arraignment and plee

    CP mdtrm arraignment and plee

    Christian Jay Santos · 43問 · 3年前

    CP mdtrm arraignment and plee

    CP mdtrm arraignment and plee

    43問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    collaboration book

    collaboration book

    Christian Jay Santos · 116問 · 3年前

    collaboration book

    collaboration book

    116問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    mix 1

    mix 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 18問 · 3年前

    mix 1

    mix 1

    18問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    Christian Jay Santos · 62問 · 3年前

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    62問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Institutional correction

    Institutional correction

    Christian Jay Santos · 15問 · 3年前

    Institutional correction

    Institutional correction

    15問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    maam mazo intro to crim

    maam mazo intro to crim

    Christian Jay Santos · 108問 · 3年前

    maam mazo intro to crim

    maam mazo intro to crim

    108問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    Christian Jay Santos · 60問 · 3年前

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    LAW BOOK 1, aklat

    60問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    TM CHP 9

    TM CHP 9

    Christian Jay Santos · 52問 · 3年前

    TM CHP 9

    TM CHP 9

    52問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    criminalistics part 3,4

    criminalistics part 3,4

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 3年前

    criminalistics part 3,4

    criminalistics part 3,4

    19問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    not sure

    not sure

    Christian Jay Santos · 15問 · 3年前

    not sure

    not sure

    15問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    Christian Jay Santos · 36問 · 3年前

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    CP mdterm right of the accuse

    36問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    update lea mcboard 2

    update lea mcboard 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 49問 · 3年前

    update lea mcboard 2

    update lea mcboard 2

    49問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    lie detector test preliminary

    lie detector test preliminary

    Christian Jay Santos · 51問 · 3年前

    lie detector test preliminary

    lie detector test preliminary

    51問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Lea set A

    Lea set A

    Christian Jay Santos · 53問 · 3年前

    Lea set A

    Lea set A

    53問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Word confused

    Word confused

    Christian Jay Santos · 93問 · 2年前

    Word confused

    Word confused

    93問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    CE mdterm

    CE mdterm

    Christian Jay Santos · 40問 · 3年前

    CE mdterm

    CE mdterm

    40問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    Christian Jay Santos · 23問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    Criminalistics part 5and6,4

    23問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Criminalistics part 5and6,3

    Criminalistics part 5and6,3

    Christian Jay Santos · 22問 · 3年前

    Criminalistics part 5and6,3

    Criminalistics part 5and6,3

    22問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    vice control pre-prelim

    vice control pre-prelim

    Christian Jay Santos · 43問 · 3年前

    vice control pre-prelim

    vice control pre-prelim

    43問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Wrong part 2

    Wrong part 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 33問 · 3年前

    Wrong part 2

    Wrong part 2

    33問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    socio part 7,3

    socio part 7,3

    Christian Jay Santos · 20問 · 3年前

    socio part 7,3

    socio part 7,3

    20問 • 3年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    C.A review

    C.A review

    Christian Jay Santos · 27問 · 2年前

    C.A review

    C.A review

    27問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 1

    Set 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 1

    Set 1

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 2

    Set 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 2

    Set 2

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 3

    Set 3

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 3

    Set 3

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 4

    Set 4

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 4

    Set 4

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 5

    Set 5

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 5

    Set 5

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 6

    Set 6

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 6

    Set 6

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 7

    Set 7

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 7

    Set 7

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 8

    Set 8

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 8

    Set 8

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    Set 9

    Set 9

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    Set 9

    Set 9

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 10

    set 10

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 10

    set 10

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 11

    set 11

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 11

    set 11

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 12

    set 12

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 12

    set 12

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 13

    set 13

    Christian Jay Santos · 18問 · 2年前

    set 13

    set 13

    18問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 14

    set 14

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 14

    set 14

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 15

    set 15

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 15

    set 15

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 16

    set 16

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 16

    set 16

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 17

    set 17

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 17

    set 17

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 18

    set 18

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 18

    set 18

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 19

    set 19

    Christian Jay Santos · 19問 · 2年前

    set 19

    set 19

    19問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 20

    set 20

    Christian Jay Santos · 15問 · 2年前

    set 20

    set 20

    15問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    set 21

    set 21

    Christian Jay Santos · 14問 · 2年前

    set 21

    set 21

    14問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 1

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 25問 · 2年前

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 1

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 1

    25問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 2

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 2

    Christian Jay Santos · 25問 · 2年前

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 2

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 2

    25問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 3

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 3

    Christian Jay Santos · 25問 · 2年前

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 3

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 3

    25問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 4

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 4

    Christian Jay Santos · 25問 · 2年前

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 4

    COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM 4

    25問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    INDUSTRIAL SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 1

    INDUSTRIAL SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 1

    Christian Jay Santos · 25問 · 2年前

    INDUSTRIAL SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 1

    INDUSTRIAL SECURITY AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 1

    25問 • 2年前
    Christian Jay Santos

    問題一覧

  • 1

    The offender has performed until the last act and is no longer in control of its natural course.

    objective phase

  • 2

    Enrico went to a nearby videoke bar to buy cigarettes. Once inside the bar, he was stabbed by Simon on his body. When Enrico was rushed to the hospital, he was treated and the doctor testified that the injury suffered by Enrico was fatal and would cause his death were it not for the timely medical attention given to him. Is Simon liable?

    Yes for frustrated homicide

  • 3

    Jade, a doctor, conceived the idea of killing his wife, Betty. To carry out his plan, he mixed arsenic with the soup of Betty. Soon after taking the poisonous food, Jade suddenly had a change of heart and washed out the stomach of Betty. Jade also gave Betty an antidote. Is Jade liable?

    yes for physical injuries

  • 4

    The essence of the crime is sexual congress.

    adultery

  • 5

    It is also known as a moving crime.

    transitory crime

  • 6

    It is one in which the substance is made up of more than one crime, but which, in the eyes of the law, is only a single indivisible offense.

    composite crime

  • 7

    Which of the following is not a special complex crime?

    Rape through Forcible Abduction

  • 8

    It has the effect of an exempting circumstance as it is predicated on lack of voluntariness.

    absolutory cause

  • 9

    Who has the burden of evidence of proving the existence of justifying circumstances?

    accused

  • 10

    When pleading self-defense, the burden to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt is on the shoulders of:

    state

  • 11

    Is there self-defense even if the aggressor used a toy gun?

    yes

  • 12

    Kokey claims that the death of Harold was an accident and his act was just for self-defense when his revolver accidentally hit the victim while he was struggling the same with his real enemy, Jade. Is his contention correct?

    yes

  • 13

    What does the law require on the weapons used by the one defending himself?

    rational equivalence

  • 14

    It is a rule which does not require a person, who is where he has a right to be, to retreat in the face of a rapidly advancing attacker threatening him with a deadly weapon, but entitles him to do whatever he believes is necessary to protect himself from great bodily harm.

    Stand ground when in the right doctrine

  • 15

    To be classified as a battered woman, the couple must go through the battering cycle at least

    twice

  • 16

    In Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS), the defense should prove how many phases of cycle of violence characterizing the relationship of the parties.

    3

  • 17

    Who can prove the existence of a Battered Woman Syndrome?

    psychiatrist/psychologist

  • 18

    What is the basis for exemption from criminal liability in insanity/imbecility?

    lack of intelligence

  • 19

    What is the basis for exemption from criminal liability of the accused when he was prevented by some lawful or insuperable cause?

    lack of criminal intent

  • 20

    In compulsion of irresistible force, compulsion is by means of:

    physical force