SPPS 4 PR SIM2

12問 • 2年前

問題一覧

The relationship between communities and local government should always be in the context on how communities can directly link with LGUs and is provided opportunities in participating its decision-making processes.

WORKING WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

- The solution to environment destruction lies in the rejection of economic globalization. We need to relocalise and radically restrict our global ecological footprint by developing local economic and local solutions - The keyword of localisation is self-reliance (Kenng: 2008)

THE RELOCALISATION APPROACH

The keyword of LOCALISATION is

SELF-RELIANCE

- beginis from an interest in people's ability to associate with each other -It refers to features of social organisation such as trust, reciprocity, norms and networks that facilitate coordination and copperation for mutual benefit(, Putman, 1993 2000, 2002). - is a resource that can be developed through particular types of social relationships. - A group, community or society is viewed ar strong organisationally if it has strong networks of social relations between its members, can be generate broader identities and forms of reciprocity..

SOCIAL CAPITAL

supporting a specific position, cause, person or group... The aim of community development is to develop advocacy skills in all people, not just in the few who become experts.

ADVOCACY

It is impossible to discuss the contemporany context of community without mentioning globalisation -means that humans and what they do are more and more interconnected." -It has opened up mang new opportunities like establishing new forms of human solidarity between ordinary people, (Gavanta & Tandon 2010). -The present-day challenges knows the following contradictory processes taking place within the framework of globalisation ( McGrew [1992. 74-5)

GLOBALISATION

-Globalisation simultaneously universalises aspects of life and encourages particularization, as communities react to universalisi by accentuating differences and uniqueness as manifested in the resurgence of regionalism and ethnic identity, and the identification of niche markets in the manufacturing industry.

UNIVERSALISATION VS. PARTICULARISATION

Globaliastion means new political and social alliances that integrate culturer and societies, as well the fragmentation of social formations, including, nation-states torn by rocial and and ethnic conflicts and the fragmentation of class and labour solidarity as workers fight for jobs in fragmentend labour markets.

INTEGRATION VS. FRAGMENTATION

while forces for universalisation and and integration facilitate the increasing concentration of power, knowledge, information and wealth. They also generate a reaction to contralisation through central governments divesting powers and decision making to communities in reajans and top-down fashion and bottom-up movements and demands made for self-government by local regions. On the other hand social movements have centralized global offices and policies, but would have decentralised and autonomous structures and policies using innovative local strategies.

CENTRALISATION VS. DECENTRALISATION

There is also the growing tension and challenges between being connected internationally and focusing on local issues and local economics. We can find examples of people with withdrawing into small communities. This is manifested in movements for localisation where people focus on local economies and local produce (Kenny & Connors, 2017),

INTERCONNECTEDNESS VS. WITHDRAWAL

•Most projects have multiple stakeholder, each of who may have their own needs and expectations of what the project might deliver •often the project teams has been assembled to work together for the first time and the project may involve new/ applied technologies processes or new service • There may be competing demands, projects must be clearly defined with clear deliverables, exacting timescales, approved resourcing and quality levels, and must meet established stakeholders requirements. • Estimating the resources, time and level of work involved in a project is often difficult this is because each project is unique, the project team may never have worked together and may not have previous project expenence. This all increased the risk to successful delivering. •Projects can involve working across the organization and meeting organizational governance requirements. Financing is a key issue, particularly as in large projects it is likely that finding may extend over financial

CHALLENGES AND DIFFICULTIES OF DELIVERING A SUCCESSFUL PROJECT

- also highlighted the basis difference between project and program when he mentioned about the specificity of a project with focus on need limited but multiple resources.

ALMAZAN (2012)

BASIC STATISTIC

Marjorie Grana · 55問 · 2年前

BASIC STATISTIC