SPPS 5 PRELIM S2

26問 • 2年前

問題一覧

is a function of the dynamic interplay of four fundamental elements, namely,

COMMUNITY PEOPLE (CP)

the community is the stage for co. - the community consists of prople, now popularly known who have different interests in development as stakeholders

COMMUNITY PEOPLE (CP)

Those who may be expected to benefit or lase from certain development initiatives. In the loving. ond, in particular there are the poor,....

DIRECTLY AFFECTED

those with interest in outcomes like NGO's private businesses and industries that may be affected or may have technical expertise

INDIRECTLY AFFECTED

those line agency staff; local regimal and national gevomment officials.

GOVERNMENT- ELECTED OFFICIALS

THERE ARE BASICALLY THREE APPARENTLY STAKEHOLDERS OF DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVE

DIRECTLY AFFECTED

THE COMMUNITY IS USUALLY GENERALLY COMPARED OF THE

THE HAVES

are rich and educated

THE HAVES

they are politically weak, unorganized poor,...

THE HAVE- NOTS

Although the organizing process connot be forced from outside, it can be nurtured and catalyzed. is the partner of the people in development. S/he acts ar a catalyst for participatory development Involving multi-stakeholders.

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT WORKER (CDW)

to became more relevant, should be initiated and sustained by the people themselves.

COMMUNITY ORGANIZING (CO)

means developing a partnership with the community. -It is a process that facilitates participatory develoment in which stakeholders can influence and share control over development,...

CO PROCESS

the fourth important element of the co practice was traditionally viewed as the Problem, which brings together the community people (CP) and the CDW in a helping process.

COMMUNITY CONSCIOUSNESS

-CO is like a long journey into a development parthenship with the community people This journey requires some basic considerations and preparations from the COW and the DO to which the belongs

PRE ENTRY- OUTSIDE

Establishing a friendly yet purposeful relationship status upon entry of the CDW into the community. A low profile entry is preferabie than a grand entrance that raises unnecessary or false expectations from the people.

ENTRY INTO THE COMMUNITY- OUTER LAYER

This refers to the basic continuing effort by which the CDW becomes one with the CP by integrating himself/herself in the community life. This is a germination process of

IMMERSION WITH THE PEOPLE- INNER LAYER

This phase of the process signals that the CP and CDW are already prepared to work together as partners in development.

CO PROPER- MIDDLE LAYER

is a conscious effort of understanding the reality of the community life as basis for planning. Such a social analysis is expected to lead to transformation actions

SOCIAL ANALYSIS

promotes greater awareness and increased abilities to identify different problems and their causes at the micro and macro level..

PROBLEM- FOCUSED APPROACH

To this kind of approach argues that communities can be brought back to life if local assets, rather than local needs become the focus.

ASSET- FOCUSED APPROACH

the formation and development of core gyoups ansisting of several liners of leaders is a must in Co. - It ensures the sustainability of the organization and its development initiative.

CORE GROUP FORMATION

The aim is to build or enhance the capacities of the CP to become self-determined and sociaily responsible. Together, they undertake the formation or strengthening, expansion and consolidation of people-centered organizations, and evolve community-managed development programs/ projects.

ONWARD TO PARTICIPATORY DEVELOPMENT

For the people's organization to be decisively important towards the success of, (or contributory to the failure of) the community's development initiatives, its cor:stituency (leaders and members) has to go through capacity deve- lopment.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND PROGRAM / PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

is a form of functional education, which can contribute to empowerment and partnership in the sense of a shared assessment and project management. It is a learning tool for awareness creation. Departing from the conventional approach to research, M&E can either be a joint evaluation or a participatory monitoring and evaluation

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Development practitioners often have to work with, and through, powerful stakeholders in order to serve the needs of the poorest people. Attempts to bypass power- ful stakeholders often result in opposition from them, and reduce the prospects of a sustainable program development. Achieving consensus and reconciling key stakeholders' differences is not always easy; it may entail risks, such as generating of aggravating conflicts among groups with competing interests and priorities. Dealing with conflict often requires an understanding of the under- lying societal interests inhibiing consensus and a putting into place of mechanisnis for dispute resolution and negotiation (The World Ban!

CENSUS BUILDING

These mechanisms designed to facilitate participation can be viewed in a continuum (c.f., illustration #5). They are presented, in order, from those in which stakeholders have least influence to those in which they have most influence (IIRR, BARRA, ADB,:7).3 Although these participatory mechanisms have been conceptualized in the context of the bank-community relations, this framework can also be adapted to the context of the development organization-community relationship.

PARTICIPATORY MECHANISMS

BASIC STATISTIC

Marjorie Grana · 55問 · 2年前

BASIC STATISTIC