means the lack of normal ethical or social standard this concept first emerged in 1893, with french sociologist Emile Durkheim

according to him an anomie society is one in which rules of behavior have broken down or become inoperative. in the book "Suicide" he linked anomic suicide to disillusionment and disappointment. he hypothesized that, as an expression of suffering societies and groups experience an increase in suicide rates.

defined as the deformation to external loading

is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1938 by Robert K. Merton the theory states that society puts pressure individuals to achieve socially accepted goals.

this refers to the processes at the societal level which filter down and affect how the individual perceives his or her needs. if particular social structures are inherently inadequate or there's inadequate regulation.....

this refers to the friction and pains experienced by an individual as he or she if the goals of a society becomes significant to an individual.

is most pronounced upon the youth causes crime to our society causes for being failure at gaining status not for material wealth

is directed mainly to the young people of lower classes. there is no parallel between their ownsocial realities and the rest of society's promoted goals. They become frustrated at the disadvantages and inequalities that they face ,and this leads to Cohen's second principles; reaction formation.

is the reaction from status frustration, and the young men of the lower classes find themselves replacing their society's norms and values with alternative ones

He was an American sociologist He is considered a founding father of modern sociology

American criminology

is an attempt on the part of juveniles to acquire status among the delinquent peers. these gangs are the subculture of a society.

concluded that most delinquent behavior occurred in gangs and most of them were non-utilitarian malicious and negativistic.

he include that those who cannot reached at goal with gang and whose successes are obstructed due to lack of legitimate opportunities, drop out and turn to alcohol and drugs.

new forms of political economic governance premised on market.

used neo-liberalism as a general descriptor for post- welfare states citizenship regimes.

preference for a minimalist state.

emphasized on new rights ideology libertarian and authoritarianism.

despite the unpopularity of" free market revolution"

are formed in the language of choice ,flexibility and market

argues against this and suggests that the working class have always had their own independent culture.

study on delinquency found that most young people were not committed to delinquent values.

argued that the creation of deviant sub-cultures among working class boys who was not simply a respond to such things.

COHEN saw the gang delinquency as