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31問 • 2年前
  • holly shea
  • 通報

    問題一覧

  • 1

    How many ribs does a normal dog have?

    13

  • 2

    What is the name of the most causal sternabra?

    Xiphoid process

  • 3

    What type of epithelium forms the innermost layer of the heart - endocardium?

    Simple squamous

  • 4

    What is the name of the innermost layer of the blood vessels, confluence with the endocardium?

    Tunica intima

  • 5

    When left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure which valve will open?

    left AV valve

  • 6

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle crates the pressure difference that causes the aortic valve to open?

    isovolumetric contraction

  • 7

    What vessels have discontinuous endothelium which allow communication between intra-vascular and extra-vascular environment?

    Sinusoid

  • 8

    A dog presents with right sided congestive heart failure. Free fluid in the abdomen due to increased venous pressure. Which blood vessel has allowed this fluid to leave the circulation?

    Capillary

  • 9

    What is created by the pressure difference along a blood vessel?

    Perfusion pressure

  • 10

    Which chamber of the heart has the lowest internal pressure?

    Right atrium

  • 11

    Increase in which of the following factors will directly increase EDVV?

    Preload

  • 12

    What is the effect of increased afterload on ventricular volume?

    It increases ESVV

  • 13

    Which channels open at the start of an action potential in an ordinary cardiac myocyte?

    Fast Na+ channels

  • 14

    Which channels open to enable depolarisation of the cardiac myocyte?

    K+ channels

  • 15

    What does the T wave represent?

    Ventricular repolarisation

  • 16

    What is produced by endothelial cells to cause vasodilation as an intrinsic response to an increase in blood flow velocity?

    Nitric Oxide

  • 17

    What is a product of cell metabolism that causes vasoconstriction in tissues?

    oxygen

  • 18

    What is created in the king and causes vasoconstriction and stimulated production of ADH from pituitary gland, aldosterone from adrenal gland and causes increased thrust via hypothalamus?

    Angiotensin II

  • 19

    Where are the are the preganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    Craniosacral

  • 20

    What effect does sympathetic response have on blood supply to non-essential organs?

    Vasoconstriction

  • 21

    What is the effect of beta-1 adrenergic activation on cardiac myocytes?

    Increase contractility

  • 22

    What is the effect of the respiratory pump on the heart?

    Increases preload

  • 23

    What is the effect of metabolic autoregulation on exercising skeletal muscle?

    vasodilation of afferent arterioles

  • 24

    What is the result of chronically high venous pressure in backwards heart failure?

    Filtration of water from capillaries to ISF

  • 25

    What is the first mechanism to act in an acute drop in blood pressure?

    Baroreflex

  • 26

    Which of these cardiac diseases would be most likely to cause primary forward heart failure?

    Aortic stenosis

  • 27

    Which of these hormones cause sodium and water loss at the kidney?

    Atrial natiuretic peptide

  • 28

    Which lymphocentre drains deep structures of forelim?

    Axillary

  • 29

    What is the only lymph node readily palpable in a normal horse?

    Submandibular

  • 30

    A dog presents with a mass on its right hind paw. In addition to taking a biopsy from the mass, which lymph node should you sample to check for local metastasis?

    Popliteal

  • 31

    Where does the thoracic duct originate?

    Cisterna chyli

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    問題一覧

  • 1

    How many ribs does a normal dog have?

    13

  • 2

    What is the name of the most causal sternabra?

    Xiphoid process

  • 3

    What type of epithelium forms the innermost layer of the heart - endocardium?

    Simple squamous

  • 4

    What is the name of the innermost layer of the blood vessels, confluence with the endocardium?

    Tunica intima

  • 5

    When left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure which valve will open?

    left AV valve

  • 6

    Which phase of the cardiac cycle crates the pressure difference that causes the aortic valve to open?

    isovolumetric contraction

  • 7

    What vessels have discontinuous endothelium which allow communication between intra-vascular and extra-vascular environment?

    Sinusoid

  • 8

    A dog presents with right sided congestive heart failure. Free fluid in the abdomen due to increased venous pressure. Which blood vessel has allowed this fluid to leave the circulation?

    Capillary

  • 9

    What is created by the pressure difference along a blood vessel?

    Perfusion pressure

  • 10

    Which chamber of the heart has the lowest internal pressure?

    Right atrium

  • 11

    Increase in which of the following factors will directly increase EDVV?

    Preload

  • 12

    What is the effect of increased afterload on ventricular volume?

    It increases ESVV

  • 13

    Which channels open at the start of an action potential in an ordinary cardiac myocyte?

    Fast Na+ channels

  • 14

    Which channels open to enable depolarisation of the cardiac myocyte?

    K+ channels

  • 15

    What does the T wave represent?

    Ventricular repolarisation

  • 16

    What is produced by endothelial cells to cause vasodilation as an intrinsic response to an increase in blood flow velocity?

    Nitric Oxide

  • 17

    What is a product of cell metabolism that causes vasoconstriction in tissues?

    oxygen

  • 18

    What is created in the king and causes vasoconstriction and stimulated production of ADH from pituitary gland, aldosterone from adrenal gland and causes increased thrust via hypothalamus?

    Angiotensin II

  • 19

    Where are the are the preganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    Craniosacral

  • 20

    What effect does sympathetic response have on blood supply to non-essential organs?

    Vasoconstriction

  • 21

    What is the effect of beta-1 adrenergic activation on cardiac myocytes?

    Increase contractility

  • 22

    What is the effect of the respiratory pump on the heart?

    Increases preload

  • 23

    What is the effect of metabolic autoregulation on exercising skeletal muscle?

    vasodilation of afferent arterioles

  • 24

    What is the result of chronically high venous pressure in backwards heart failure?

    Filtration of water from capillaries to ISF

  • 25

    What is the first mechanism to act in an acute drop in blood pressure?

    Baroreflex

  • 26

    Which of these cardiac diseases would be most likely to cause primary forward heart failure?

    Aortic stenosis

  • 27

    Which of these hormones cause sodium and water loss at the kidney?

    Atrial natiuretic peptide

  • 28

    Which lymphocentre drains deep structures of forelim?

    Axillary

  • 29

    What is the only lymph node readily palpable in a normal horse?

    Submandibular

  • 30

    A dog presents with a mass on its right hind paw. In addition to taking a biopsy from the mass, which lymph node should you sample to check for local metastasis?

    Popliteal

  • 31

    Where does the thoracic duct originate?

    Cisterna chyli