PE 104 FINALS

63問 • 2年前

問題一覧

The brain’s ability to develop control over the body’s muscular skeletal system to produce coordinated and timed movements in response to the demands of the surrounding environment

Motor Learning

It refers to movements.

Motor

Acquisition of knowledge.

Learning

The brain’s ability to produce smooth controlled movement.

Motor Control

Particular movements that are strung together to achieve and objective.

Movement Patterns

Classification based on the length of time the motor pattern can continue.

Type 1

Skills that are performed for a specific period as they have a distinct beginning and end

Discreet Skills

Skills where the movement pattern has no specific start and end.

Continuous Skills

Skills that string together a number of other skills to produce a seemingly continuous performance.

Serial Skills

Classification based on the amount of movement in the motor pattern.

Type 2

Skills that require the whole body to move about a space. Examples: running, walking, rolling, jogging, sliding.

Locomotor Skills

Skills that are performed on the spot. Examples: bending, curling, push-up, twisting, turn and balance.

Non Locomotor Skills

Skills that incorporate an object or piece of equipment that must be controlled as part of the movement pattern

Manipulative Skills

Classification based on the level of muscle recruitment in the movement pattern.

Type 3

Skills that recruit large muscle groups in order to produce large body movements or to move the entire body around a space. Examples: cycling, skipping, doing 10-star jumps, crawling, climbing stairs and throwing a ball

Gross Motor Skills

Skills that recruit small muscle groups to produce precision movements. Motor skills can be placed on a continuum of fine to gross. Examples: painting, coloring, writing, drawing, turning the pages of a book, cutting, measuring with a ruler.

Fine Motor Skills

Classification based on the environment in which the movement pattern is performed.

Type 4

Skills that are generally performed in predictable environments where the performance of the skill is totally internally paced. Examples: trampolining, diving from a platform or board, golf swing, discus throwing, and performing a hand stand

Closed skills

Skills that are generally performed in unpredictable environments where the performance of the skill is totally reactionary. Examples: rapidly changing direction in response to a ball or an opponent side stepping

Open Skills

In motor learning, sensory feedback from the ongoing movements is compared with the stored memory of the intended movement.  Memory trace selects and initiates a movement.  Perceptual trace, built-up over practice, is the internal reference of correctness.

Adam closed loop theory

In 1970, mphasizes open-loop control processes and generalized motor programs.

Schmidt Schema theory

is a generalized set of rules for producing movements that can be applied to a variety of contexts.

Schema

selects a specific response and contains rules for producing a movement

Recall Schema

evaluates the response correctness and informs the learner about the errors of a movement.

Recognition Schema

Learning involves the exploration the perceptual and motor workspace.  Identify critical perceptual variables, i.e. regulatory cues.  Explore the optimal or most efficient movements for the task.  Incorporate the relevant perceptual cues and optimal movement strategies for a specific task.

Ecological theory

is the first stage of learning when a person is setting out to learn a new skill or technique. This is known as the thinking stag

Cognitive learning

is the next phase an athlete goes through when learning a new skill. This is known as the practice phase a

Associative learning

This is the final stage of learning and is when a skill has been overlearned and is now automatically recalled when needed.

Autonomous learning

refers to the physical actions and locomotion performed by individuals using their body parts and muscles.

Human movement

the mechanics of human movement, focusing on the forces, structures, and movements involved. It examines how forces are generated, transmitted, and absorbed within the body during motion, providing insights into optimal movement patterns and injury prevention.

Biomechanics

refers to the study of motion without considering the forces that cause it. It involves analyzing parameters such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration to describe and quantify various aspects of human movement

Kinematics

investigates how the central nervous system coordinates and regulates movement. It examines the neural processes involved in planning, executing, and adapting movements, including factors such as muscle activation, proprioception, and feedback mechanisms.

Motor Control

refers to the execution of purposeful actions involving voluntary muscle contractions. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from gross motor skills such as running and jumping to fine motor skills like writing or playing a musical instrumen

Motor Movement

involve large muscle groups and movements of the whole body. Examples include walking, running, throwing, kicking, and jumping. These skills require coordination, balance, and strength and are essential for activities like sports, recreational activities, and everyday task

Gross Motor Skills

involve precise and coordinated movements of small muscle groups, typically in the hands and fingers. Examples include writing, typing, buttoning a shirt, playing an instrument, or tying shoelaces. Fine motor skills require dexterity, hand-eye coordination, and control of fine movements.

Fine Motor Skills

is an individual's ability to recognize where their body is in space

Body awareness

is a person’s sense of their internal systems and their effect on the body.

Interception awareness

s the ability to understand how a person’s body is positioned without looking directly at it. This also helps an individual understand the force with which they should move. This type of awareness lets a person coordinate their movements appropriately and accurately. For example, if a person wants to grab a plate from the cupboard, they need to understand how far they need to reach. The individual also needs to figure out how forcefully they need to open the cabinet to grab the plate.

proprioception awareness

is a person’s ability to understand their body’s position within space. This allows the person to interact successfully with their environment, avoiding obstacles and manipulating objects

Spatial awareness

a person travels from one location to another,

locomotor movements

a person does not travel.

non Locomotor movement

involve use of a body part like hands or feet to manipulate an item.

manipulative Skills

movements consist of equal, unvarying actions. These movements include: 1. Walking 2. Running 3. Hopping 4. Leaping 5. Jumping

Even rhythm

technically defined as a springing from one foot and landing on that same foot.

hop

a springing from one foot but landing on the other foot

leap

movements consist of unequal actions. They also sometimes incorporate alternating actions. These movements include: 1. Skipping 2. Galloping 3. Sliding

uneven rhythm

refers to body movements that move the body from one place to another. They cause the body to travel. There are eight main locomotor movements. They are categorized as either even or uneven movements.

locomotor movements

movements are also sometimes called axial movements. They are movements of certain body parts, or even the whole body, without causing the body to travel. For example, swinging your arms back and forth.

non Locomotor movement

refers to the ability to be aware of where your body is during physical activities and where and when to move it. This ability is really important in any aspect of life, but it's crucial in PE.  It is a fundamental skill that underpins many movement activities, such as sports, dance, and gymnastics

space awareness

a position or site occupied or available for occupancy

Location

space where the body can move from a given location without traveling.

self space or personal space

space within a room or boundary in which the students can move by traveling safely.

general space

refers to dimensional possibility in which the body or body parts aim to move.

Directions

refers to horizontal levels in space where the body or its parts can move.

Level

refers to imaginary design body makes or that object makes, on the floor, in the air when moving.

Pathway

refers to both spatial relationship of body parts to entire body and to the size of movements in space.

Extension

body movements done close to body

small movements

body movements with extremities extended

Large movement

Create a course with cones, hurdles, and other obstacles that require students to navigate around them and move through different spaces.

obstacle course

can help students become more aware of their body and the space around them. Encourage students to focus on their breath and balance as they move through different poses

Yoga

can help students develop a sense of spatial awareness as they move through different steps and patterns. Encourage students to dance to different styles of music and try new movements.

Dance

classes can help students become more aware of their body and the space around them as they learn different techniques and movements

Martial arts

like basketball or soccer can help students develop spatial awareness as they work with their teammates to move the ball and score goals.

Sports

Humm 1

Rod Laurence Sombilon · 94問 · 2年前

Humm 1