Biology- Exam 1

98問 • 1年前

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Which of the following characteristics do all insects exhibit?

they have an exoskeleton or cuticle

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description?

Echinodermata–bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system

Which of the following statements is correct with respect to the evolutionary relationship between chordates and invertebrates?

Chordates are more closely related to echinoderms than to arthropods.

Soft-shell crab is a prized dish in many ocean-side resorts. Which of the following statements provides the best explanation for the soft shell of the crabs?

The crab has just molted and the new exoskeleton has not yet hardened.

If you brush your fingers along the tentacles of a sea anemone, which of the following are you most likely to find upon microscopic examination of your fingers?

nematocysts

Which of the following statements describes sponges?

they have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of flagella

Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by the water vascular system of echinoderms?

it functions in locomotion and feeding

A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share ________.

a mantle

Which structure do sea slugs use to feed on their prey?

a radula

Which of the following characteristics is exhibited by most hydrozoans?

both polyps and medusa forms

Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?

Echinodermata

Against which of the following do the circular and longitudinal muscles of annelids work?

hydrostatic skeleton

Which one of these mollusc groups is classified as suspension feeders?

bivalves

You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. Which of the following characteristics would allow you to make this distinction?

poisonous claws

Which of the following statements best explains how planarians can survive and thrive without respiratory or circulatory system?

none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external environment

Which of the following characteristics is shared by both cnidarians and flatworms?

a digestive system with a single opening

You find what you believe is a new species of animal. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a nematode than it is to an annelid?

It has a hemocoel.

Which of the following statements applies to both nematodes and arthropods?

grow in conjunction with shedding of their exoskeleton

Which of the following statements correctly describes one difference between nematodes and arthropods?

arthropods have an open circulatory system while nematodes do not have a circulatory system

Which of the following feeding strategies is most likely to be used by aquatic organisms?

filter feeding

Which of the following structures can be found in the mesohyl of a sponge?

amoebocytes and spicules

Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?

Arthropoda

The presences of which of the following anatomicals would best distinguish a gastropod from a chiton?

dorsal plates

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect?

Porifera–gastrovascular cavity, coelomate

A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45° and to lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells. Which of the following organisms is this embryo most likely to develop into?

earthworm

Which of the following organisms was most likely the most recent common ancestor of all animals?

flagellated protist

Which tissue type or organ is correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

skin–ectoderm

Which of the following was an early selective advantage of a coelom in animals?

it contributed to a hydrostatic skeleton, allowing greater range of motion

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. Which of the following distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy?

most animals derive their nutrition by ingesting materials

Placing sponges as the basal metazoans on the basis of lack of tissues implies which of the following?

Sponge ancestors never had tissues.

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of ________.

tissues

Which of the following is an advantage of using molecular data rather than morphological data for phylogenetic analysis?

Molecular data is based on genetic relationships rather than morphological similarities.

Which of the following organisms is most likely classified as something other than an animal?

choanoflagellate

Which of the following characteristics is shared among animals ranging from corals to monkeys?

sexual reproduction

If an organism exhibits a head with sensory structures, which of the following characteristics would it likely also exhibit?

it is bilaterally symmetrical

Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is accurate?

Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates.

Nine-banded armadillos give birth to four genetically identical offspring at a time. What does this fact suggest about the development of these organisms?

the embryo undergoes radial and indeterminate cleavage

Which of the following statements is correct regarding animal body plans?

the body plans we see now have been evolutionarily advantageous compared to others in the past

Body symmetry in animals affects swimming in which of the following ways?

Bilaterally symmetric animals can be streamlined for swimming, but radially symmetric animals cannot.

Sponges and ctenophores have both been proposed as basal metazoans. Which of the following types of data support the idea that sponges are the basal group?

recent phylogenomic evidence, fossil steroid evidence, molecular clock, lack of tissues in sponges, and structure of collar cells

A student encounters an animal embryo at the eight-cell stage. The four smaller cells that comprise one hemisphere of the embryo seem to be rotated 45° and to lie in the grooves between larger, underlying cells. If we were to separate these eight cells and attempt to culture them individually, then what is most likely to happen?

Each cell may continue development, but only into a nonviable embryo that lacks many parts.

At one time, sponges were lumped into one phylum. Then, they were separated into several different phyla. Now, they are considered one phylum again. These changes indicate which of the following?

Every phylogeny should be considered a hypothesis that must be revised in the light of new data.

In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?

The animal's coelom develops from the archenteron.

Among organisms exhibiting protostome development, which morphological trait shows the most variation?

type of body cavity

Which of the following characteristics is common to all known animals?

Animals are multicellular.

What do many organisms with deuterostome development have in common?

The blastopore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus.

Which of the following characteristics in an organism would indicate that lacks a coelom?

Muscular activity of its digestive system distorts the body wall.

While observing seawater through a microscope, you spot the embryo of an unknown animal. Which of the following criteria could you use to determine whether the organism exhibits protostome or deuterostome development?

spiral cleavage or radial cleavage

Which of the following characteristics represents the oldest branch point in animal phylogeny?

true tissues or no tissues

Amoebas reproduce by

fission

The contractile vacuole carry out _______________

active transport of water pump the water our of the cell.

All protists are _____.

eukaryotic

Which process in Paramecium results in genetic recombination but no increase in population size?

conjugation

When a mosquito infected with Plasmodium first bites a human, the Plasmodium _____.

cells infect the human liver cells

Mosquito is the vector, but ____________ is responsible for malaria.

Apicomplexan

Which of the following pairs of protists and their characteristics is mismatched?

ciliates — red tide organisms

An individual mixotroph loses its plastids, yet continues to survive. Which of the following most likely accounts for its continued survival

It engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption.

In conjugation with the ciliate, Paramecium, ___________ are exchanged

micronuclei

According to the endosymbiotic theory, why was it adaptive for the larger (host) cell to keep the engulfed cell alive, rather than digesting it as food

The engulfed cell provided the host cell with adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In the sexual phase, some plasmodium merozoites develop into __________________ .

gametocytes

An early step in the evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved which of the following events?

endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is most likely specialized to carry out which of the following processes?

synthesis of large quantities of lipids

A newly synthesized protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell will generally follow which of the pathways listed below?

rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Which structure is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following structures is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Which of the following statements best describes one major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Which of the following statements best describes some aspect of cytoskeleton structure or function in eukaryotic cells?

Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.

Peroxisomes in liver cells detoxify alcohol by removing hydrogen atoms and combining them with which of the following molecules?

with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

An organelle in a newly discovered cell contains thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes. These findings suggest that this organelle is most likely similar to which of the following organelles?

Chloroplasts

Disruption of the function of which of the following organelles would result in a dramatic decrease in ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Which of the following structures form cytoplasmic channels that connect adjacent plant cells through the cell walls?

plasmodesmata

When H. V. Wilson exposed two species of differently pigmented sponges to a chemical that disrupted intercellular junctions, the cells of the sponges dissociated. Wilson then removed the chemical that caused dissociation and mixed the cells of the two species. He found that the sponges reassembled and that the cells from one species did not interact or form associations with the cells of the other species. Which of the following statements provides the most plausible explanation for the results of this experiment?

The molecules responsible for cell-cell adhesion (cell junctions) differed between the two species of sponge.

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

phagocytic white blood cell

Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for the production and modification of polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following molecules is required by cells to assemble cilia or flagella?

tubulin

A characteristic 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules describes the ultrastructure of which of the following cellular structures?

Eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely involved in which of the following processes?

Producing large quantities of proteins for secretion

Which of the following parameters is most likely to limit the maximum size of a cell?

The ratio of surface area to volume of cytoplasm

Which of the following structures is independent of the endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells?

Chloroplast

Which of the following is the correct order of organization of genetic material from smallest to largest?

Nucleotide, gene, chromosome, genome

The evolution two or more species from one species as a result of different populations becoming reproductively isolated from each is best described as _____.

Adaptive radiation

All the organisms on your campus make up ________.

A community

Which statement about ecological organization is correct?

An organism is part of a community

Which of the following types of cells use deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

Archean

Which of the following statements about genetic information is correct?

All forms of life employ the same genetic code

Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?

One sibling has brown eyes, the other has green

A cell lacking which of the following structures is most likely to be a prokaryotes?

Nuclear membrane

Which of the following best describes a controlled experiment?

An experiment includes at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment

Use the following information when answering the following question. In 1668, Francesco Redi performed a series of experiments on spontaneous generation. He began by putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left open to the air, and four were sealed. He then did the same experiment with one variation: Instead of sealing four of the jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze excluded the flies while allowing the meat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether or not maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat. What hypothesis was being tested in the initial experiment with open versus sealed jars?

Maggots do not arise spontaneously but from eggs laid by adult files

Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?

Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power

Which of the following statements about cells is correct?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are made up of cells

Which of the following best describes a model organism?

It is well studied, it is easy to propagate, and results are widely applicable

A controlled experiment is one that ______.

Tests experimental and control groups in parallel

Two organisms are _______ if they share more classification levels.

More similar in characteristics

Apple on tree ripens ripe apple produces ethylene ethylene signals neighboring apples to ripen neighbor apples produce more ethylene more apples ripen. The above process is an example of which of the following?

Positive feedback regulation

Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?

Taxonomy

Which of the following is one of Charles Darwin’s observations?

Many of the traits in an individual are heritable

How does a scientific theory differ from a scientific hypothesis?

Theories are usually an explanation for a more general phenomenon; hypotheses typically address more specific issues

Biology - Chapter 1

Biology - Chapter 1

Biology- Chapter 6

Biology- Chapter 6

Biology - Chapter 28

Biology - Chapter 28

Biology Chapter 32

Biology Chapter 32

Biology - Chapter 1

Biology - Chapter 1

Biology- Chapter 6

Biology- Chapter 6

Biology - Chapter 28

Biology - Chapter 28

Biology-Chapter 33

Biology-Chapter 33

Biology - Chapter 34

Biology - Chapter 34

Biology - Chapter 40

Biology - Chapter 40

Biology - Chapter 41

Biology - Chapter 41

Biology - Chapter42

Biology - Chapter42

Biology - Chapter 43

Biology - Chapter 43

Biology - Chapter 44

Biology - Chapter 44

Biology - Chapter 45

Biology - Chapter 45

Biology - Chapter 46

Biology - Chapter 46

Biology - Chapter 48

Biology - Chapter 48

Biology - Chapter 49

Biology - Chapter 49

Biology - Chapter 50

Biology - Chapter 50

Biology - Chapter 51

Biology - Chapter 51

Biology - Chapter 52

Biology - Chapter 52

Biology - Chapter 53

Biology - Chapter 53

Biology - Chapter 54

Biology - Chapter 54

Biology - Chapter 22

Biology - Chapter 22

Biology - Chapter 23

Biology - Chapter 23

Biology - Chapter 24

Biology - Chapter 24

Biology - Chapter 55

Biology - Chapter 55

quiz 1 for biochem

quiz 1 for biochem