Biology - Chapter 34 | 暗記メーカー

Biology - Chapter 34

32問 • 1年前

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Primate evolution and behavior, such as hunting skills, have been directed in part by the development of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

movement of the eyes to the front of the head

Which of these characteristics added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

the shelled, amniotic egg

Which of the following represents the strongest evidence that two of the three middle ear bones of mammals are homologous to certain reptilian jawbones?

These bones can be observed to move from the evolving jaw to the evolving middle ear in mammalian embryos.

With which of the following statements would a biologist be most inclined to agree?

Humans and other apes represent divergent lines of evolution from a common ancestor.

The presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still _____.

not sink

A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?

no jaws

Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?

endothermy

Which of these would a paleontologist most likely do to determine if a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Examine the teeth.

On the back of your skull you can feel a small bump, below which is an opening where the spinal cord enters the skull. The location of this opening toward the bottom of the skull is significant in evolutionary biology for what reason?

It occurred as a result of the change to a bipedal stance.

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between sharks and ray-finned fishes?

They have a lateral line that is sensitive to vibrations.

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds?

endothermy

During chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose? amniotic egg paired fins jaws swim bladder four-chambered heart

2, 3, 4, 1, 5

Which of the following are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

birds

Arrange the following taxonomic terms in order from most inclusive (most general) to least inclusive (most specific). 1. apes 2. hominins 3. Homo 4. anthropoids 5. primates

5, 4, 1, 2, 3

The evolution of similar insulating skin coverings such as fur, hair, and feathers in mammals and birds is a result of _____.

convergent evolution

Why do adult urochordates (tunicates) lack notochords, even though larval urochordates have them? Larvae use notochords to _____.

aid in swimming; adults are sessile and thus no longer propel themselves.

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

post-anal tail

Which shark structure is closest in function to a swim bladder full of gas?

liver

Which of these are amniotes?

turtles

How did the evolution of the jaw contribute to diversification of early vertebrate lineages?

It made additional food sources available.

Which characteristic is common to all the modern representatives of all major reptilian lineages (turtles, lepidosaurs, crocodilians, and birds)?

presence of a notochord

Which of the following characteristics is shared by a hagfish and a lamprey?

a well-developed notochord

Female birds lay their eggs, thereby facilitating flight by reducing weight. Which "strategy" seems most likely for female bats to use to achieve the same goal?

limit litters to a single embryo

Suppose, while out camping in a forest, you found a chordate with a long, slender, limbless body slithering across the ground near your tent. This critter could be _____.

an amphibian

Which structure of the amniotic egg most closely surrounds the embryo?

the amnion

Which extant chordates are postulated to be most like the earliest chordates in appearance?

lancelets

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was _____.

feet with digits

Suppose, while out camping in a forest, you found a chordate with a long, slender, limbless body slithering across the ground near your tent. This critter could be _____.

an amphibian

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials _____.

have some embryonic development outside the uterus

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction

What group of mammals have (a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples, (b) young that feed on milk, and (c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta?

Eutheria

Primate evolution and behavior, such as hunting skills, have been directed in part by the development of depth perception. What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

movement of the eyes to the front of the head

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