Biology - Chapter 40 | 暗記メーカー

Biology - Chapter 40

31問 • 1年前

問題一覧

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback in that _____.

the positive feedback's effector responses are in the same direction as the initiating stimulus rather than opposite of it

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

wind blowing across the body surface

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has _____.

less surface area per unit of volume

Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because _____.

the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution, which reduces drag while swimming

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed _____.

homeostasis

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because _____.

its cells are separated from each other by an extracellular matrix

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation.

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency, causing more contractions to occur until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?

positive feedback

Much of the coordination of vertebrate body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by the _____.

endocrine system

You are looking through a microscope at a slide of animal tissue and see a single layer of flat, closely packed cells that cover a surface. This specific tissue is mostly likely___.

epithelial

You are studying a large tropical reptile that has a high and relatively stable body temperature. How would you determine whether this animal is an endotherm or an ectotherm?

You subject this reptile to various temperatures in the lab and find that its body temperature and metabolic rate change with the ambient temperature. You conclude that it is an ectotherm.

Organisms maintain dynamic homeostasis (internal balance) through behavioral and physiological mechanisms. Which of the following statements is an accurate explanation of a negative feedback mechanism used by animals to regulate body temperature?

A ground squirrel’s hypothalamus detects changes in environmental temperatures and responds by activating or suppressing metabolic heat production.

When the body’s blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of ____.

negative feedback

In a cool environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endothermic because the ectotherm___.

invest little energy in temperature regulation

Of the following choices, the epithelium with the shortest diffusion distance is ____.

stratified squamous epithelium

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs make up a ____.

simple squamous epithelium

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with___.

epithelial tissue

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has ___.

less surface area per unit of volume

Sweating allows a person to lose heat through the process of ___.

evaporation

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the ___.

hypothalamus

To prepare flight muscles for use on a cool morning, hawkmoths ___.

rapidly contract and relax these muscles to generate metabolic warmth

If you gently bend your ear, and then let go, the shape of your ear will return because the cartilage of your ear contains__.

elastic fibers

The type of muscle tissue surrounding the intestines and blood vessels is ___.

smooth muscle

Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a snake. The___ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ___ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass.

elephant; mouse

Environmental influences appear to contribute to cellular mutation that lead to tumor growth. For example, certain diets lead to higher incidence of colon cancers, and overexposure to sunlight leads to higher incidence of skin cancers. The tissues in closest contact with a carcinogen or mutagen (anything that causes genetic mutations) are obviously the ones most likely to develop tumors.Carcinomas and melanomas account for well over half of all cancers. What type of tissue would you guess the term carcinoma and melanoma is most closely associated with?

epithelial

An elephant and a mouse are running in full sunlight, and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures. When they move into the shade and rest, which animal will cool down faster?

The mouse will because it has the higher surface-area-to-volume ratio.

If you were to view a sample of animals tissue under a light microscope and notice an extensive extra cellular matrix surrounding a tissue, which tissue type would you most suspect?

connective

All animals, whether large or small, have ___.

most of their cells in contact with an aqueous medium

Cardiac muscle cells are both___.

striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her body heat by__.

radiation

Hummingbirds are small birds that require a regular food supply. When hummingbirds are faced with a situation that decreases their food supply, such as a storm, which of the following adaptations would be most useful for the bird to survive such an unpredictable and short-term absence of food resources?

torpor

Biology - Chapter 1

ユーザ名非公開 · 19問 · 1年前

Biology - Chapter 1