21st Century

66問 • 2年前

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is the body of works, both oral and written, that Filipinos whether native; naturalized or foreign born, have created about the experience of people living in or relating to Philippine Society.

Philippine literature

It may be produced in the capital city of Manila and in the different urban centers and rural outputs, even in foreign lands where descendants of Filipino migrants use English or any of the languages of the Philippines to create works that tell about their lives and aspirations.

Philippine literature

A collection of texts, both oral or written, whether published books, serialized in periodicals, recorded in tapes, mimeographed in loose sheets, etched in bamboo, chanted, at home or recited around a fire, which are created by Filipinos of all ages and stock, of different languages both local and foreign, in forms indigenous or borrowed as adopted.

Philippine literature

It referred to oral knowledge preserved among the literate masses elsewhere.

Pre colonial literature

Why is it important to learn about the pre Colonial Literature of the Philippines?

It give us insight to the bases of the literary prose during Spanish colonization.

The evolution of Philippines Literature depended on the ______________ and the spirit of the age.

Influences of colonization

The first Filipino Alphabet called ________ was soon replaced by English Alphabet.

ALIBATA

was based on traditions and customs of a particular area of the country.

Indigenous philippine literature

is an archipelago country consisting of several islands and each of these islands has it specifications of cultures and traditions bearing different set of native literature.

Philippine

were written on the perishable materials like dried leaves, bamboo cylinder, and bark of the trees.

Ancient literature

were handed down to us through the word of mouth.

Literature

There are two literary forms during the pre colonial period:

Written literature and Oral literature

Written Literature Examples:

a. Riddles or bugtongs b. Epigrams or salawikain c. Poems or tanaga d. Folktales e. Folksongs

Oral Literature Examples:

Balagtasan

An effective way to inculcate the ability of logical thinking of a child.

Riddles or bugtong

It reflects its hidden meaning through the good lines; it provides good values.

Proverbs or Salawikain

an arrangement of words written or spoken: traditionally a rhythmical composition, sometimes rhymed, expressing experiences, ideas, or emotions in a style more concentrated, imaginative, and powerful than that of ordinary speech or prose: some poems are in meter, some in free verse.

Poems or Tula

LEGEND (ALAMAT) = Story of origin for certain places, their names, and their creation. It used to explain certain events or phenomena in our ancestors’ lives that cannot be explained by the limited practical kind of science known back then. MYTH (MITO) = Story about gods and other supernatural beings

Folktale

Story of origin for certain places, their names, and their creation. It used to explain certain events or phenomena in our ancestors’ lives that cannot be explained by the limited practical kind of science known back then.

Legend (Alamat)

Story about gods and other supernatural beings

Myth (Mito)

Informal expression of our ancestor’s experiences in life: 􏰀 courtship (harana) 􏰀 lullaby (hele) 􏰀 harvests 􏰀 funerals

Folk Songs

Informal expression of our ancestor’s experiences in life: 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.)

Courtship (Harana) Lullaby (Hele) Harvest Funerals

A Filipino form of debate done in verse. The term was derived from the surname of Francisco Balagtas, the author of Filipino epic Florante at Laura

Balagtasan

Sixteenth Century was the start of the deprivation of the indigenous Philippine Literature. Spanish colonial government finally got in the scene. They were able to manipulate literature by monopolizing it under the religious order. Literature evolves mainly on the themes of Spanish / European Culture and of course, the Roman Catholic Religion

Spanish colonial philippine literature

The first book ever printed in the Philippines is a ___________________________ in 1593 by the Dominican press

Christian Doctrine or Doctrina Christiana

a tagalog translation to the Spanish line, still under the superiority of the Spanish Language

Libro de la Lengua Tagala by Fernando Bagong banta

influenced by the Spanish context Christianity at least they embodied several Filipino sentiments and values (the feeling Filipino mothers towards a suffering son)

Pasyon

_______ writers in Spanish era became conscious for the search for freedom.

Filipino

_______________ by Marcelo H. Del Pilar expressed his rebellious writing style.

Pasyon Dapat Ipag – alab ng Puso

_____________________ associated Filipinos’ struggle for independence with Jesus’ life.

Pascual Poblete’s Patnubay sa Binyagan

very powerful contributions among the Filipinos – the introduction of rejecting Spanish rule. Jose Rizal also influenced succeeding writers.

Jose Rizal’s Noli Metangere and El Filibusterismo

They introduced the free public instruction for all children of school age

American colonial period

They use of English as medium of instruction introduced Filipinos to Anglo – American models of thought, cultures, and life ways.

American colonial period

Philippine Literature under American Regime 1900-1910?

Period of re-orientation

Philippine Literature under American Regime 1910-1925?

Period of imitation

Philippine Literature under American Regime 1925-1941?

Period of self discovery and growth

Not much literary works produced because writers were still adjusting.

Period of re – orientation (1900 - 1910)

• During this period, the Philippines is under the rule of Americans. • Public Education was introduced • More schools were established • English was used as the medium of instruction.

Period of Imitation (1910 - 1925)

Example of literary works during the Period of Imitation

• Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez • Tales of the Philippines by Zoilo galang • Never mind and Other Poems by Procopio Solidum

• Filipino writers had acquires the mastery of English writing. • Competently wrote on a lot of subject although the old time favorites of love and youth persisted. • Poetry introduced during this time was original.

Period of Self – Discovery and Growth (1925 – 1941)

Example of literary works during the Period of Self – Discovery and Growth

❖ Soft night by Abelardo Subido ❖ Broken Parasol by Jose Lansang ❖ First Leaves by Rafael Zulueta da Costa

Contemporary period (1946-1970) The early post – liberation period was marked by a kind of “struggle of mind the spirit” posed by the sudden emancipation from the enemy, and the wild desire to see print.

The State of Literature during this period

LITERATURE DURUNG CONTEMPORARY PERIOD _______ a collections of poem by Manuel Viray

The Heart of the Island (1947)

LITERATURE DURUNG CONTEMPORARY PERIOD ________ a collection of prose and poetry by Maximo Ramos and Florentino Valeros

Philippine Cross section (1950)

LITERATURE DURUNG CONTEMPORARY PERIOD _______ by Nick Joaquin

Prose and Poems (1952)

LITERATURE DURUNG CONTEMPORARY PERIOD _______ by T.D Agcaoili

Philippine Writing (1953)

LITERATURE DURUNG CONTEMPORARY PERIOD ______ by Amador Dagiuo

Philippine Harvest

LITERATURE DURUNG CONTEMPORARY PERIOD _______ by NVM Gonzales

Who Spoke of Courage in his Sleep

Many young people became activist to ask for changes in the government. In the expressions of this desire for change, keen were the writings of some youth who were fired with nationalism in order to emphasize the importance of their position

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970 - 1972)

Many young activists were imprisoned in military camps together with rebel writers. As early as the period of history we can say that many of those writers who were imprisoned were true nationalists and heroes of their time

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM

The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven not only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions but also in literature. Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once aristocratic writers developed awareness for society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!).

THE LITERARY REVOLUTION

The irreverence for the poor reached its peak during this period of the mass revolution. It was also during this period that Bomba films that discredit our ways as Filipinos started to come out.

WRITING DURING THE PERIOD OF ACTIVISM

(Established in 1950, the Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature had been giving cash prizes for short story, poetry and one-act play writing as an incentive to Filipino writers. The prizes come from La Tondena, Inc., the firm founded by the late Carlos Palanca Sr.

PALANCA AWARDEES FOR LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued to give annual awards.

The period of the New Society

Almost all themes in most writings dealt with the development or progress of the country –like the Green Revolution, family planning, proper nutrition, environment, drug addiction and pollution. The New Society tried to stop pornography or those writings giving bad influences on the morals of the people. All school newspapers were temporarily stopped and so with school organizations.

PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY

The military government established a new office called the Ministry of Public Affairs that supervised the newspapers, books and other publications. The government took part in reviving old plays like the Cenaculo, the Zarzuela and the Embayoka of the Muslims. The Cultural Center of the Philippines, the Folk Arts Theater and even the old Metropolitan Theater were rebuilt in order to have a place for these plays. Singing both Filipino and English songs received fresh incentives. Those sent abroad promoted many Filipino songs.

PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY

Themes of most poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Those who wrote poetry during this period were: Ponciano Pineda, Aniceto Silvestre, Jose Garcia Revelo, Bienvenido Ramos, Vicente Dimasalang, Cir Lopez Francisco, and Pelagio Sulit Cruz.

FILIPINO POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY

Many more composers added their bit during this period. Among them were Freddie Aguilar, Jose Marie Chan and the group Tito, Vic and Joey. ANAK of Freddie Aguilar became an instant success because of the spirit and emotions revealed in the song. There were even translations in Japanese and in other languages.

FILIPINO POETRY DURING THE PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY

The government led in reviving old plays and dramas, like the Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the Muslims which were presented in the rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Cultural Center of the Philippines. Many schools and organizations also presented varied plays. The Mindanao State University presented a play Sining Embayoka at the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

THE PLAY UNDER THE NEW SOCIETY

Radio continued to be patronized during this period. The play series like SI MATAR, DAHLIA, ITO AND PALAD KO, and MR. LONELY were the forms of recreation of those without television. Even the new songs were first heard over the airwaves. However, many performing artists in radio moved over to television because of higher pay. Among these were Augusto Victa, Gene Palomo, Mely Tagasa, Lina Pusing, and Ester Chavez.

RADIO AND TELEVISION

A yearly Pista ng mga Pelikulng Pilipino (Yearly Filipino Film Festival) was held during this time. During the festival which lasted usually for a month, only Filipino films were shown in all theaters in Metro Manila. Prizes and trophies were awarded at the end of the festival in recognition of excellence in film making and in role performances.

FILIPINO FILMS

• MAYNILA SA MGA KUKO NG LIWANAG Lino Brocka is a director known for tackling heavy topics in his films. Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag is no different and tackles the hardships of everyday Filipino’s lives in Manila city. • MINSA’Y ISANG GAMU – GAMO Nora Aunor was the Lead Actress

FILIPINO FILMS

During this period of the New Society, newspapers donned new forms. News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism and the like were favored more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape and robberies..

COMICS, MAGAZINES AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino which started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. During this period, it cannot be denied that many people seethed with rebellion and protest because of the continued oppression and suppression. This was further aggravated when former Senator Benigno S. Aquino Jr., the idol of the Filipino masses, whom they hoped to be the next president, was president, was brutally murdered on August 21, 1983.

PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC

Most especially, during the wake of the tragic Benigno Aquino Jr.’s incident, people reacted with shock, appalled by the suddenness and the unexpectedness of events. Example: Death Like Stone for Benigno S. Aquino Jr. from Philippine Panorama

Poetry

Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were really true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country and of fellowmen.

Lyric poems

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Mico Mark Costales · 64問 · 3年前

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