Early Development in Amphibians and Fish

17問 • 2024-05-12

Via Alarcon

通報

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Moral Theory

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Kantian Ethics

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問題一覧

What is the main reason for the unequal cleavage in amphibians?

Presence of yolk in the vegetal hemisphere

What is the initial event in amphibian gastrulation?

Invagination of the bottle cells

What is the role of intercalation events in amphibian development?

Convergent extension of the mesoderm

What is the role of the dorsal lip of the blastopore in amphibian gastrulation?

Formation of the organizer tissue

What tissues are part of the organizer in amphibian gastrulation?

Pharyngeal endoderm, head mesoderm, notochord, and dorsal blastopore lip

How does the organizer function in amphibian gastrulation?

By blocking the BMP signal would otherwise ventralize the mesoderm

What induces the organizer in amphibian development?

Nieuwkoop center located in the vegetal cells

What contributes to the formation of the Nieuwkoop center in amphibian development?

Accumulation of β-catenin in the dorsal cells

How do the Siamois and Twin proteins collaborate with activated Smad2 transcription factors?

Activation of genes encoding BMP inhibitors

What happens to ectodermal cells in the presence of BMP inhibitors?

They become neural tissue

What is the role of Cerberus, Frzb, Dickkopf, and Tiki proteins in the head region of amphibian development?

Blocks the Wnt signal from the ventral and lateral mesoderm.

How does Wnt signaling contribute to the regionalization of the neural tube in amphibian development?

It specifies the regionalization of the neural tube through a gradient of β-catenin.

What role do insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play in amphibian development?

Transformation of the neural tube into anterior (forebrain) tissue

How is the left-right axis initiated in amphibian development?

Activation of the Nodal protein solely on the left side of the embryo

How does cleavage occur in fish embryos?

Meroblastic with formation of the blastoderm

What structure in fish development is homologous to the amphibian organizer?

Embryonic shield

What is the role of the embryonic shield in fish development?

Promotion of neural ectoderm formation