A scientist compares the plasma membrane composition of an animal from the Mediterranean coast with one from the Mojave Desert. Which hypothesis is most likely to be correct?

The cells from the Mediterranean coast animal will have a higher glycoprotein content, while the cells from the Mojave Desert animal will have a higher lipoprotein content.

Which is not true about mitosis?

It results in haploid daughter cells

A diploid, multicellular life-cycle stage that gives rise to haploid cells by meiosis is called a _____.

sporophyte

The main difference in the outcome of mitosis from meiosis is....

meiosis results in haploid cells while mitosis results in diploid cells.

The correct sequence of steps in cell cycle is

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

At which of the cell-cycle checkpoints do external forces have the greatest influence?

G1 checkpoint

A diploid cell has the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.

twice

The first level of DNA organization in a eukaryotic cell is maintained by which molecule?

histone

Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a new nuclear envelope is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis?

telophase

Which of the following events does not occur during some stages of interphase?

separation of sister chromatids

Separation of the sister chromatids is a characteristic of which stage of mitosis?

anaphase

X and Y

sex chromosome

chromosomes that do not differ between the sexes

autosomes

one of the two identical halves of a replicated chromosome

chromatid

microtubule organizing centers at the spindle poles

centrosomes

cells in the testes that undergo meiosis

spermatocytes

division of the cytoplasm

cytokinesis

haploid germ cells that unite at fertilization

gametes

an animal cell containing more than one nucleus

syncytium

pairing of homologous chromosomes

synapsis

one diploid cell gives rise to two diploid cells

mitosis

the array of chromosomes in a given cell

karyotype

the part of the cell cycle during which the chromosomes are not visible

interphase

one diploid cell gives rise to four haploid cells

meiosis

cell produced by meiosis that does not become a gamete

polar body

the time during mitosis when sister chromatids separate

anaphase

connection between sister chromatids

centromere

When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate ______ of each other.

independently

It is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

crossing-over

A human egg cell has __ chromosomes.

Types of asexual reproduction.

binary fission, fragmentation, budding

Meiosis is a type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by ____.

half

A human zygote has __ chromosomes.

the simplest life cycle

haploid life cycle

One oak tree cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many daughter cells are formed, and what is the chromosome number in each cell? e. g.: 4, 45

2, 14

One oak tree cell with 14 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. If the same cell had undergone meiosis, how many cells would have resulted, and what would have been the chromosome number in each? e. g.: 4, 45

4, 7

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many chromosomes does a child receive from its father?

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many autosomes and how many sex chromosomes are present in each somatic cell? e. g.: 4, 45

44, 2

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many chromosomes are present in a human ovum?

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many sex chromosomes are present in a human ovum?

How many chromatids or chromosomes are present in an oogonial cell prior to S phase.

How many chromatids or chromosomes are present in a spermatid?

How many chromatids or chromosomes are present in a primary oocyte arrested prior to ovulation?

How many chromatids or chromosomes are present in a secondary oocyte arrested prior to fertilization?

How many chromatids or chromosomes are present in a second polar body?

Meselson and Stahl's experiments proved that DNA replicates by which mode?

semi-conservative

In eukaryotes, what is the DNA wrapped around?

histones

In which direction does DNA replication take place?

5'-3'

The ends of the linear chromosomes are maintained by..

telomerase

Which of the following is not a true statement comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication?

DNA replication always occurs in the nucleus.

The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA is...

DNA polymerase proofreading

The experiments by Hershey and Chase helped confirm that DNA was the hereditary material on the basis of the finding that:

radioactive phage were found in the pellet

How did Meselson and Stahl support Watson and Crick’s double-helix model?

They demonstrated that each strand serves as a template for synthesizing a new strand of DNA.

An enzyme that relaxes the supercoiling of DNA

topoisomerase

An enzyme that unwinds the double helix of DNA

helicase

During proofreading, which of the following enzymes reads the DNA?

DNA pol

One of the pioneer who developed the sequencing method used for the human genome sequencing project, which is widely used today

Fred Sanger

A physician by profession, isolated phosphate-rich chemicals from white blood cells (leukocytes)

Friedrich Miescher

Chemicals that were isolated from the nuclei of the cells, but eventually became known as DNA.

nuclein

Reported and discovered the first demonstration of bacterial transformation.

Frederick Griffith

100

This is a process in which external DNA is taken up by a cell, thereby changing its morphology and physiology and that these bacteria can acquire genetic material from their environment.

bacterial transformation