The endocrine system is a network of glands in your body that make the hormones that help cells talk to each other. They’re responsible for almost every cell, organ, and function in your body.

What does your endocrine system do?

Its glands create and release hormones that control almost all processes in your body. They coordinate your metabolism, growth, and development, and control your emotions, mood, sexual function, and even sleep.

What is a gland?

A gland is an organ that makes and puts out hormones that do a specific job in your body. Endocrine glands synthesize and secrete these hormones into the circulatory system, which then transports the hormones to target cells and tissues throughout the body.

What are the different types of endocrine glands?

Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, Pineal gland, Thyroid gland, Parathyroid glands, Thymus gland, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Ovaries, Testes

Name the GLAND: Connects the endocrine system with the nervous system

Hypothalamus

Name the GLAND: Regulates growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response

Pituitary gland

Name the GLAND: Regulates sleep-wake cycle

Pineal gland

Name the GLAND: Controls growth and metabolism

Thyroid gland

Name the GLAND: Regulates calcium and phosphorus levels

Parathyroid gland

Name the GLAND: Stimulates the production of T cells (white blood cells)

Thymus gland

Name the GLAND: Responds to stress

Adrenal gland

Name the GLAND: Regulates blood sugar levels

Pancreas

Name the GLANDS: Regulates reproductive function

Ovary, Testes

Hormone secreted: Hypothalamus

TRH, GnRH, CRH, GHRH, somatostatin, dopamine

Hormone(s) secreted: Pituitary gland

Growth hormone, Vasopressin, prolactin, ACTH, TSH, oxytocin, LH

Hormone(s) secreted: Pineal gland

Melatonin

Hormone(s) secreted: Thyroid gland

Thyroid hormones

Hormone(s) secreted: Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid hormones

Hormone(s) secreted: Thymus gland

Thymosin

Hormone(s) secreted: Adrenal gland

cortisol, adrenaline, aldosterone

Hormone(s) secreted: Pancreas

insulin, glucagon

Hormone(s) secreted: Ovaries

estrogen, progesterone

Hormone(s) secreted: Testes

Testosterone

Define OSTEOBLAST

specialized cells involved in bone formation

Define ATP

molecule that carries energy within cell. It serves as a primary energy currency for cellular processes.

Define DOPAMINE

a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in mood regulation, pleasure, and various cognitive functions.

Define NEUROTRANSMITTERS

chemical messengers that facilitate communication between neurons, allowing them to transmit signals across synapses

Define LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION

reaction occurs in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. It converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

Define LIGHT-INDEPENDENT

also known as the Calvin Cycle, take place in the stroma of chloroplasts. They use the products of the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose during photosynthesis.

Define HYPERTHYROIDISM

a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland.

What is an action potential?

An action potential is a brief electrical signal that travels along the axon of a neuron. It is the mechanism by which neurons communicate with each other and with other cells in the body. The sequence of events in an action potential is as follows: • A stimulus causes the neuron to depolarize. • The membrane potential reaches the threshold level, and an action potential is generated. • Sodium ions rush into the neuron, and potassium ions rush out of the neuron. • The neuron repolarizes. • The neuron enters a refractory period, wherein sodium channels in the neuron’s membrane are closed. • The neuron returns to its resting state.

Name the parts