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MIDTERMS

MIDTERMS

57問 • 2024-03-20

M6 Vitamins and Co-factors

M6 Vitamins and Co-factors

Via Alarcon · 80問 · 3年前

M6 Vitamins and Co-factors

M6 Vitamins and Co-factors

80問 • 3年前

M7 Enzymes

M7 Enzymes

Via Alarcon · 96問 · 3年前

M7 Enzymes

M7 Enzymes

96問 • 3年前

M8 Metabolic Pathways

M8 Metabolic Pathways

Via Alarcon · 104問 · 3年前

M8 Metabolic Pathways

M8 Metabolic Pathways

104問 • 3年前

GENETICS FINALS

GENETICS FINALS

Via Alarcon · 69問 · 3年前

GENETICS FINALS

GENETICS FINALS

69問 • 3年前

Module 2: Chemical Context of Life

Module 2: Chemical Context of Life

Via Alarcon · 15問 · 3年前

Module 2: Chemical Context of Life

Module 2: Chemical Context of Life

15問 • 3年前

Module 3: Biological Macromolecules

Module 3: Biological Macromolecules

Via Alarcon · 22問 · 3年前

Module 3: Biological Macromolecules

Module 3: Biological Macromolecules

22問 • 3年前

UDBHR - Article and Principle

UDBHR - Article and Principle

Via Alarcon · 32問 · 3年前

UDBHR - Article and Principle

UDBHR - Article and Principle

32問 • 3年前

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (1)

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (1)

Via Alarcon · 100問 · 3年前

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (1)

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (1)

100問 • 3年前

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (2)

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (2)

Via Alarcon · 15問 · 3年前

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (2)

Cell and Molecular Biology - Module 5-7 (2)

15問 • 3年前

UDBHR - Contents of Articles

UDBHR - Contents of Articles

Via Alarcon · 28問 · 3年前

UDBHR - Contents of Articles

UDBHR - Contents of Articles

28問 • 3年前

UDBHR - The History

UDBHR - The History

Via Alarcon · 32問 · 3年前

UDBHR - The History

UDBHR - The History

32問 • 3年前

General Physiology - MIDTERMS (4)

General Physiology - MIDTERMS (4)

Via Alarcon · 34問 · 3年前

General Physiology - MIDTERMS (4)

General Physiology - MIDTERMS (4)

34問 • 3年前

Laboratory - MIDTERMS

Laboratory - MIDTERMS

Via Alarcon · 30問 · 3年前

Laboratory - MIDTERMS

Laboratory - MIDTERMS

30問 • 3年前

FILDIS - MIDTERMS

FILDIS - MIDTERMS

Via Alarcon · 84問 · 2年前

FILDIS - MIDTERMS

FILDIS - MIDTERMS

84問 • 2年前

PAGSASALIN

PAGSASALIN

Via Alarcon · 19問 · 2年前

PAGSASALIN

PAGSASALIN

19問 • 2年前

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism

Via Alarcon · 32問 · 2年前

Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism

32問 • 2年前

Moral Theory

Moral Theory

Via Alarcon · 26問 · 2年前

Moral Theory

Moral Theory

26問 • 2年前

Kantian Ethics

Kantian Ethics

Via Alarcon · 20問 · 2年前

Kantian Ethics

Kantian Ethics

20問 • 2年前

Social Contract Theory

Social Contract Theory

Via Alarcon · 29問 · 2年前

Social Contract Theory

Social Contract Theory

29問 • 2年前

Moral Relativism

Moral Relativism

Via Alarcon · 31問 · 2年前

Moral Relativism

Moral Relativism

31問 • 2年前

FINALS: Muscular System

FINALS: Muscular System

Via Alarcon · 27問 · 2年前

FINALS: Muscular System

FINALS: Muscular System

27問 • 2年前

FINALS: Circulatory System

FINALS: Circulatory System

Via Alarcon · 28問 · 2年前

FINALS: Circulatory System

FINALS: Circulatory System

28問 • 2年前

FINALS: Lymphatic System

FINALS: Lymphatic System

Via Alarcon · 30問 · 2年前

FINALS: Lymphatic System

FINALS: Lymphatic System

30問 • 2年前

FINAL EXAM - Laboratory

FINAL EXAM - Laboratory

Via Alarcon · 82問 · 2年前

FINAL EXAM - Laboratory

FINAL EXAM - Laboratory

82問 • 2年前

MIDTERMS (1)

MIDTERMS (1)

Via Alarcon · 74問 · 2年前

MIDTERMS (1)

MIDTERMS (1)

74問 • 2年前

MIDTERMS (2)

MIDTERMS (2)

Via Alarcon · 39問 · 2年前

MIDTERMS (2)

MIDTERMS (2)

39問 • 2年前

MIDTERMS

MIDTERMS

Via Alarcon · 100問 · 2年前

MIDTERMS

MIDTERMS

100問 • 2年前

LECTURE MIDTERM EXAM

LECTURE MIDTERM EXAM

Via Alarcon · 57問 · 2年前

LECTURE MIDTERM EXAM

LECTURE MIDTERM EXAM

57問 • 2年前

MIDTERMS (3)

MIDTERMS (3)

Via Alarcon · 16問 · 2年前

MIDTERMS (3)

MIDTERMS (3)

16問 • 2年前

Cell-to-cell Communication

Cell-to-cell Communication

Via Alarcon · 24問 · 2年前

Cell-to-cell Communication

Cell-to-cell Communication

24問 • 2年前

Axis Specification in Drosophila and Axis Formation in Amphibians

Axis Specification in Drosophila and Axis Formation in Amphibians

Via Alarcon · 31問 · 2年前

Axis Specification in Drosophila and Axis Formation in Amphibians

Axis Specification in Drosophila and Axis Formation in Amphibians

31問 • 2年前

Early Development in Amphibians and Fish

Early Development in Amphibians and Fish

Via Alarcon · 17問 · 2年前

Early Development in Amphibians and Fish

Early Development in Amphibians and Fish

17問 • 2年前

Early Development in Birds and Mammals

Early Development in Birds and Mammals

Via Alarcon · 14問 · 2年前

Early Development in Birds and Mammals

Early Development in Birds and Mammals

14問 • 2年前

問題一覧

1

The fusion of sperm and egg activates:

Both protein synthesis and DNA synthesis.

2

Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) is responsible for releasing:

Calcium ions.

3

IP3 is generated by:

Phospholipase C

4

Genetic material is carried in:

One male pronucleus and one female pronucleus.

5

In mammalian fertilization, the fusion of male and female pronuclei forms a:

Diploid zygote nucleus.

6

Mammalian fertilization takes place:

Internally, within the female reproductive tract.

7

The translocation of sperm from the vagina to the egg is regulated by the following EXCEPT:

Hormonal changes in the female reproductive tract.

8

Capacitation of mammalian sperm is the result of:

Both biochemical changes in the sperm cell membrane and alkalinization of the sperm cytoplasm.

9

Capacitated mammalian sperm can penetrate the:

Zona pellucida.

10

In the model of sperm-zona binding, which zona protein is responsible for inducing the acrosome reaction on the zona pellucida?

ZP3

11

In the more recent model of sperm-zona binding, where is the acrosome reaction induced?

Cumulus

12

What is the role of cortical granules in blocking polyspermy in mammals?

They modify the zona proteins

13

What is the effect of the rise in intracellular free Ca2+ at fertilization in amphibians and mammals?

Completion of meiotic metaphase

14

In mammals, where does DNA replication take place during fertilization?

Pronuclei

15

What happens to the pronuclear membranes as the pronuclei approach each other in mammals?

They disintegrate

16

What is the role of intracellular free Ca2+ in fertilization?

Completion of meiotic metaphase

17

How are body axes established in different species?

Both A and B

18

What type of cleavage do both snails and nematodes have?

Holoblastic cleavage

19

In snails and C. elegans, what does the blastopore become during gastrulation?

Mouth

20

What is the result of spiral cleavage in snails?

Stereoblastulae with no blastocoels

21

Which structure in certain mollusks contains the morphogenetic determinants for mesoderm and endoderm?

Polar lobe

22

What happens in the early divisions of the C. elegans zygote?

One daughter cell becomes a founder cell and the other becomes a stem cell

23

What type of cleavage do snails have?

Spiral cleavage

24

When does gastrulation begin in snails and C. elegans?

When there are relatively few cells

25

What does the polar lobe of certain mollusks contain?

Morphogenetic determinants for mesoderm and endoderm

26

15. Why was Caenorhabditis elegans chosen as a model organism?

It has a small number of cells

27

In deuterostome mode of gastrulation, the blastopore becomes the:

Anus

28

What type of cleavage occurs in sea urchins?

Radial and holoblastic

29

Which cells are specified autonomously in sea urchin development?

Micromeres

30

What is the role of the micromeres in sea urchin gastrulation?

Formation of the skeletal rods

31

What do the large micromeres contribute to in sea urchin development?

Skeleton of the larva

32

How do the micromeres regulate the fates of neighboring cells in sea urchin development?

Both juxtacrine and paracrine pathways

33

What is the role of the Disheveled protein in sea urchin development?

Activation of the Pmar1 gene

34

Which protein determines the oral-aboral axis of the sea urchin pluteus larva?

Nodal protein

35

During which stage does the Nodal protein specify the right half of the sea urchin larva?

Early larval period

36

What is the role of the vegetal plate in sea urchin gastrulation?

Formation of the endodermal archenteron

37

How are sea urchin cell fates determined?

Both autonomous and conditional specification

38

What is the role of maternal β-catenin in sea urchin development?

Specification of the micromeres

39

What is the role of differential cell adhesion in sea urchin gastrulation?

Detachment of the micromeres from the vegetal plate

40

How do the micromeres convert animal cells into endoderm in sea urchin development?

Juxtacrine pathways

41

What type of gene regulatory network is involved in sea urchin development?

Double-negative gate

42

How is the ingression of the skeletogenic mesenchyme accomplished during sea urchin development?

Through an epithelial-mesenchymal transition

43

The following coordinates archenteron invagination and growth during sea urchin development EXCEPT..

Cell differentiation

44

What pulls the tip of the archenteron to the blastocoel roof during sea urchin development?

Non-skeletogenic mesenchyme cells

45

What influences the formation of the adult sea urchin rudiment?

BMPs

46

How does the tunicate embryo divide?

Holoblastically and bilaterally

47

What determines the formation of the heart and nervous system in tunicate development?

Paracrine factors

48

What is the tunicate muscle determinant?

Macho-1

49

What is the role of FGFs in tunicate development?

Activate muscle-specifying genes

50

What transcription factor appears to specify the left-right axis in tunicates?

Nodal

51

In which organisms is Nodal expressed solely on the left side of the body?

Tunicates, snails, and vertebrates

52

Archenteron invagination and growth are coordinated by cell shape changes, cell proliferation, and convergent extension. In the final stage of invagination, the tip of the archenteron is actively pulled to the blastocoel roof by the non-skeletogenic mesenchyme cells. What is the final stage of invagination called?

Roofing

53

The adult sea urchin rudiment, called the imaginal rudiment, forms from the left coelomic pouch under the influence of BMPs. What is the adult sea urchin rudiment called?

Imaginal rudiment

54

The tunicate embryo divides holoblastically and bilaterally. How does the tunicate embryo divide?

Holoblastically

55

The yellow cytoplasm contains muscle-forming determinants that act autonomously. The heart and nervous system are formed conditionally by signaling interactions between blastomeres. What does the yellow cytoplasm contain?

Muscle-forming determinants

56

Macho-1 is the tunicate muscle determinant (a transcription factor that is sufficient to activate muscle-specifying genes). The notochord and mesenchyme are generated conditionally by paracrine factors such as FGFs. What is Macho-1?

Muscle determinant

57

FGFs induce expression of Brachyury in neighboring cells, inducing these cells to become the notochord. What do FGFs induce?

Brachyury expression