Positioning Chapter 3

88問 • 1年前

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通報

問題一覧

All are part of the of the respiratory system, except

esophagus

The area between the two lungs is termed the

mediastinum

The respiratory system proper consists of the 1. larynx 2. trachea and bronchi 3. both lungs

1, 2, and 3

Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus?

What is the name of the hooklike process on the last tracheal cartilage?

Carina

After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many secondary bronchi are in the right lung?

Three

The lungs are composed of a light, spongy, elastic substance called the

parenchyma

The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the

apex

The right lung is about how much shorter than the left?

1 inch

Why is the right lung shorter than the left lung?

The presence of the liver

What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?

Pleura

What is the name of the tongue-shaped process on the anterior-medial border if the left lung?

Lingula

What structure is in the mediastinum?

Thymus

Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea?

Posterior

Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?

Behind the manubrium

What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs?

Upright

Why is the upright left lateral position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?

Patient’s heart is closer to the image receptor

The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed

pneumothorax

Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy?

High kVp

How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs?

1.5 to 2 inches

Where are the hands placed for a PA projection of the chest?

Back of the hands on the hips

What is the central-ray angle for a PA projection of the chest?

Perpendicular

What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph?

Second breath, full inspiration

How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PC chest radiograph?

Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph?

Midsagittal plane

How many degrees of body rotation are required for routine AP or PA oblique chest radiography?

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a PA oblique projection of the lungs?

1.5 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique, LAO position of the chest during a cardiac series?

55 to 60 degrees

What is the centra-ray angular ion for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest?

0 degrees

When the patient is properly positioned for a PA oblique projection of the chest, the central ray will enter the body

midway between the lateral surface of the elevated side and the spine

For AP oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR

closer to

For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR

farther from

The AP oblique projection, RPO position of the chest essentially produces the same image as the ________

PA oblique projection LAO position

Which of the following is a recommended SID for a supine AP chest radiograph?

72 inches

The Lindblom method is used to demonstrate the

pulmonary apices

What is the central-ray angle for the Lindblom method (lordotic position) of demonstrating the pulmonary apices?

0 degrees

How far should the patient stand in front of the grid device before leaning backward for the lordotic position?

1 foot

what is the respiration phase for the AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices?

Inspiration

If the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices?

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

How is the central ray positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitus position?

Horizontal

How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position?

5 mintues

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

Affected side

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

Unaffected side

All are radiographic projections performed using the decubitus positions, except

oblique

What is the patient position for a lateral projection performed in the dorsal decubitus position?

Supine

Which side of the patient’s chest is placed against the vertical grid device for a ventral to dorsal decubitus position, lateral projection?

Affected side

What is the respiration phase for AP or lateral projections performed in the decubitus position?

Full inspiration

Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on x-ray projections done using a decubitus position? Entire lung fields Parting’s arms not visible in the image Identification to indicate which decubitus

1, 2, and 3

The thoracic cavity contains all of the following, except

larynx

The thoracic cavity is enclosed with a shiny, slippery lining called the

serous membrane

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the

alveoli

The costophrenic angle is part of the

lungs

The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is the ________ bronchioles.

terminal

The space between the two pleural walls is called the

pleural cavity

Each lung is divided into specific segments called

lobes

What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph?

72 inches

Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on an AP or PA oblique projection of the lungs? Both lungs in their entirety. R and L primary bronchi The trachea filled with air

1 and 3

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for an AP oblique projection of the lungs?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens or 5 inches above the jugular notch

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a supine AP chest radiograph?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders

How far above the top of the shoulders should the IR be positioned for any decubitus position of the chest?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

Inflammation of the bronchi would be termed

bronchitis

A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed

pleural effusion

When fluid replaces air in the lung interstitial alveoli, the patient is said to have

pulmonary edema

The aspiration of a foreign particle in the lung is termed

aspiration pneumonia

Which positioning maneuver moves the scapulae out of the lateral aspects of the lungs?

Rolling the shoulders forward

Which of the following lies in the anterior neck? Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus gland

1 and 2

The organ of the voice is the

larynx

The laryngeal prominence known as the Adam’s apple is the

thyroid cartliage

Which is the most common imaging modality for examination of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx?

Computed tomography

Which of the following serves as a passage for both food and air?

Pharynx

The roof of the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal contains a mass of lymphoid tissues known as the

pharyngeal tonsil

For the AP projection of the pharynx and larynx, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the

laryngeal prominence

All of the following are techniques used during radiographic examination of the pharyngolaryngeal structures expect

sneezing

For the AP projection of the larynx and superior mediastinum, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the

manubrium

According to the general patient guideline for chest radiography, all ambulatory patients should be imaged

upright

The PA projection of the chest performed upright will demonstrate which of the following:

Air-fluid levels

Pneumothorax is shown more clearly on which respiration phase because collapse of the lung in accentuated?

Expiration

A PA projection of the chest demonstrate 8 posterior ribs visible above the diaphragm. Which of the following is the cause?

Exposure was made after expiration.

Proper Collimation for a lateral projection of the chest is

17 inches lengthwise and 1 inch beyond the anterior and posterior shadows.

Which projection and position will best demonstrate fluid in the left lung of a non-ambulatory patient?

AP projection in the left lateral decubitus position

The area identified in this figure is the

hilum

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

apex of left lung

What anatomy is labeled as letter D and outlined with white dots in the image below?

Costophrenic angle of right lung

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

Aortic arch

What anatomy is labeled as letter C in the image below?

Heart

The anatomy identified on the lateral neck above is the

nasopharynx

The anatomy identified on the lateral neck below is the

trachea

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問題一覧

All are part of the of the respiratory system, except

esophagus

The area between the two lungs is termed the

mediastinum

The respiratory system proper consists of the 1. larynx 2. trachea and bronchi 3. both lungs

1, 2, and 3

Where does the trachea lie in relation to the esophagus?

What is the name of the hooklike process on the last tracheal cartilage?

Carina

After entering the hilum, each primary bronchus divides. How many secondary bronchi are in the right lung?

Three

The lungs are composed of a light, spongy, elastic substance called the

parenchyma

The part of the lung that extends above the clavicle is termed the

apex

The right lung is about how much shorter than the left?

1 inch

Why is the right lung shorter than the left lung?

The presence of the liver

What is the name of the double-walled serous membrane sac that encloses the lung?

Pleura

What is the name of the tongue-shaped process on the anterior-medial border if the left lung?

Lingula

What structure is in the mediastinum?

Thymus

Where does the esophagus lie in relation to the trachea?

Posterior

Which of the following best describes the position of the thymus gland?

Behind the manubrium

What is the most optimal position of the patient for examinations of the heart and lungs?

Upright

Why is the upright left lateral position the most commonly used for lateral radiographs of the chest?

Patient’s heart is closer to the image receptor

The presence of gas or air in the pleural cavity is termed

pneumothorax

Which of the following exposure techniques is required to penetrate all of the thoracic anatomy?

High kVp

How far above the shoulders should the IR be positioned for PA and lateral chest radiographs?

1.5 to 2 inches

Where are the hands placed for a PA projection of the chest?

Back of the hands on the hips

What is the central-ray angle for a PA projection of the chest?

Perpendicular

What is the optimal respiration phase for a PA or lateral chest radiograph?

Second breath, full inspiration

How many ribs should be visible above the diaphragm on a PC chest radiograph?

Which plane must be accurately parallel with the IR to prevent distortion of the thoracic structures during a lateral chest radiograph?

Midsagittal plane

How many degrees of body rotation are required for routine AP or PA oblique chest radiography?

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a PA oblique projection of the lungs?

1.5 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique, LAO position of the chest during a cardiac series?

55 to 60 degrees

What is the centra-ray angular ion for an AP or PA oblique projection of the chest?

0 degrees

When the patient is properly positioned for a PA oblique projection of the chest, the central ray will enter the body

midway between the lateral surface of the elevated side and the spine

For AP oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR

closer to

For PA oblique projections of the chest, the side of interest is generally the side _____ the IR

farther from

The AP oblique projection, RPO position of the chest essentially produces the same image as the ________

PA oblique projection LAO position

Which of the following is a recommended SID for a supine AP chest radiograph?

72 inches

The Lindblom method is used to demonstrate the

pulmonary apices

What is the central-ray angle for the Lindblom method (lordotic position) of demonstrating the pulmonary apices?

0 degrees

How far should the patient stand in front of the grid device before leaning backward for the lordotic position?

1 foot

what is the respiration phase for the AP axial projection of the pulmonary apices?

Inspiration

If the patient cannot be placed in the lordotic position for radiography of the pulmonary apices, what is the central-ray angle that can be used to project the clavicles above the apices?

15 to 20 degrees cephalad

How is the central ray positioned for an x-ray projection done with the patient placed in a decubitus position?

Horizontal

How long should the patient remain in position before making the exposure when performing a projection in the lateral or dorsal decubitus position?

5 mintues

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate fluid in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

Affected side

If the lateral decubitus position is used to demonstrate free air in the pleural cavity, on which side must the patient lie?

Unaffected side

All are radiographic projections performed using the decubitus positions, except

oblique

What is the patient position for a lateral projection performed in the dorsal decubitus position?

Supine

Which side of the patient’s chest is placed against the vertical grid device for a ventral to dorsal decubitus position, lateral projection?

Affected side

What is the respiration phase for AP or lateral projections performed in the decubitus position?

Full inspiration

1, 2, and 3

The thoracic cavity contains all of the following, except

larynx

The thoracic cavity is enclosed with a shiny, slippery lining called the

serous membrane

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion within the

alveoli

The costophrenic angle is part of the

lungs

The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is the ________ bronchioles.

terminal

The space between the two pleural walls is called the

pleural cavity

Each lung is divided into specific segments called

lobes

What is the recommended SID for a PA chest radiograph?

72 inches

Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on an AP or PA oblique projection of the lungs? Both lungs in their entirety. R and L primary bronchi The trachea filled with air

1 and 3

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for an AP oblique projection of the lungs?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the vertebral prominens or 5 inches above the jugular notch

Where should the top of the IR be positioned for a supine AP chest radiograph?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the relaxed shoulders

How far above the top of the shoulders should the IR be positioned for any decubitus position of the chest?

1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

Inflammation of the bronchi would be termed

bronchitis

A chronic condition with persistent obstruction of the bronchial airflow is termed

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Fluid that collects in the pleural cavity is termed

pleural effusion

When fluid replaces air in the lung interstitial alveoli, the patient is said to have

pulmonary edema

The aspiration of a foreign particle in the lung is termed

aspiration pneumonia

Which positioning maneuver moves the scapulae out of the lateral aspects of the lungs?

Rolling the shoulders forward

Which of the following lies in the anterior neck? Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Thymus gland

1 and 2

The organ of the voice is the

larynx

The laryngeal prominence known as the Adam’s apple is the

thyroid cartliage

Which is the most common imaging modality for examination of the soft palate, pharynx, and larynx?

Computed tomography

Which of the following serves as a passage for both food and air?

Pharynx

The roof of the posterior wall of the nasopharyngeal contains a mass of lymphoid tissues known as the

pharyngeal tonsil

For the AP projection of the pharynx and larynx, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the

laryngeal prominence

All of the following are techniques used during radiographic examination of the pharyngolaryngeal structures expect

sneezing

For the AP projection of the larynx and superior mediastinum, the central ray should be directed perpendicular to the

manubrium

According to the general patient guideline for chest radiography, all ambulatory patients should be imaged

upright

The PA projection of the chest performed upright will demonstrate which of the following:

Air-fluid levels

Pneumothorax is shown more clearly on which respiration phase because collapse of the lung in accentuated?

Expiration

A PA projection of the chest demonstrate 8 posterior ribs visible above the diaphragm. Which of the following is the cause?

Exposure was made after expiration.

Proper Collimation for a lateral projection of the chest is

17 inches lengthwise and 1 inch beyond the anterior and posterior shadows.

Which projection and position will best demonstrate fluid in the left lung of a non-ambulatory patient?

AP projection in the left lateral decubitus position

The area identified in this figure is the

hilum

What anatomy is labeled as letter A in the image below?

apex of left lung

What anatomy is labeled as letter D and outlined with white dots in the image below?

Costophrenic angle of right lung

What anatomy is labeled as letter B in the image below?

Aortic arch

What anatomy is labeled as letter C in the image below?

Heart

The anatomy identified on the lateral neck above is the

nasopharynx

The anatomy identified on the lateral neck below is the

trachea